Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology, D: Neural & Artificial Intelligence, Volume 23 Issue 2

VI. C ategorization of A rtificial I ntelligence The degree to which an AI system can replicate human abilities is used to define AI because AI research aspires to make computers mimic human-like functioning. Considering how a machine performs and compares to humans in terms of variety, AI can be divided into several categories. In such a system, an AI is considered more evolved if it can carry out more human-like tasks with equivalent levels of skill. On the other hand, with limited functionality and performance, AI is thought to be more straightforward and less sophisticated. AI is frequently divided into two categories based on this criterion. One classification is based on how human-like AI and AI-enabled robots are and their capacity to "think" and possibly "feel" like people. Reactive machines, limited memory machines, theory of mind, and self-aware AI are the four kinds of AI or AI- based systems according to this classification scheme. Reactive machines are task-specific and lack memory. Deep Blue, the IBM chess program that defeated Garry Kasparov in the 1990s, is one such. Deep Blue can identify chess pieces and make predictions, but because it lacks memory, it cannot use the past to shape the present. complete the tasks for which they were created. These systems fit the reactive and limited memory AI categories described above. Even the most sophisticated AI that trains itself using deep Learning and machine learning is included in ANI. 2. Artificial General Intelligence (AGI): Artificial general intelligence is the ability of an AI agent to learn, sense, understand, and behave exactly like a human being. AI systems will be as competent as humans by imitating our multitasking abilities. These systems can develop various competencies independently and create connections and generalizations between domains, significantly reducing training time. 3. Artificial Superintelligence (ASI): Artificial Superintelligence (ASI), the most competitive type of intelligence on the planet, will mark the culmination of AI research. Due to their substantially improved memory, hastened data processing and analysis, and superior decision-making abilities, ASI will be far superior at everything they do in addition to emulating human intelligence. A singularity will happen as a result of the development of AGI and ASI. Although it may be alluring to have such potent weapons, these tools could imperil our existence or, at the very least, our way of life. a) Distinction between Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Artificial intelligence (AI) has many subsets and applications, including machine learning, which enables a system to learn from experience without being fully programmed. Machine learning uses data to learn and produce accurate results. Making computer software that that reads data and uses it to learn from itself is known as machine learning. The artificial neural network and the recurrent neural network are two examples of the recurrent neural network, a subset of machine learning. It uses algorithms and its strategy to deal with complex problems. Like machine learning, the algorithms are built. Algorithms come in many more stages, in any case. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are the networks created by the algorithm. Since all neural networks in the brain are connected according to deep Learning, it essentially copies the human brain. Stats and Facts about Artificial Intelligence that Are Interesting and Surprising 35 35 Osondu Oguike, “A First Course in Artificial Intelligence”, 2021 By 2027, it is expected that the market for AI, one of the technologies with the most outstanding growth rates, will be worth $270 billion. By 2030, it has anticipated to reach $15.7 trillion. 77% of people use artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities of machines in some capacity, although only 33% are aware of them. © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 20 ( ) Year 2023 D Journey of Artificial Intelligence Frontier: A Comprehensive Overview 1. Limited memory: Because these AI systems have memories, they might draw on the past to inform their decisions in the future. Some of the autonomous vehicles' decision-making processes are developed in this manner. 2. Theory of mind: The term "theory of mind" is used in psychology, and this can be used in AI, showing it has the social intelligence to understand emotions. This kind of AI can predict human behavior and deduce human intentions, which is a necessary skill for AI systems to join human teams as vital members. 3. Self-awareness: These AI systems possess a sense of self, which gives them awareness. Self-aware machines are conscious of their current state, and there is no this kind of artificial intelligence. The alternative categorization scheme that is more commonly used in technical jargon is the classification of technology into Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI), Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), and Artificial Superintelligence (ASI). 1. Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI): All currently existing artificial intelligence, even the most complex and capable AI yet created, falls under this category. Artificial narrow intelligence describes AI systems that can only carry out a single task independently while displaying human-like capabilities. These machines have a limited or constrained set of capabilities since they can only