Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology, G: Interdisciplinary, Volume 23 Issue 1

Applications of Emerging Smart Technologies in Farming Systems: A Review © 2023 Global Journals Global Journal of Computer Science and Technology Volume XXIII Issue I Version I 54 ( ) Year 2023 G In collaboration with the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropical regions ( ICRISAT ), Microsoft India has developed a sowing application for farmers and a personalized village advisory dashboard for Andhra Pradesh Govt. The sowing app is designed to provide powerful cloud- based predictive analytics to farmers with critical information and insights that will help reduce crop failure and increase yield, reducing stress and generating more income. Plantixapp a Berlin-based AI agricultural startup ( PEAT GmbH .) has developed a deep learning application called plantix that identifies potential defects and nutrient deficiencies in soil. The analysis is conducted by software algorithms which correlate foliage patterns with certain soil defects, plant pest and disease. The app uses images to detect plant diseases and other possible defects through images captured by the user’s smart phone camera. Soilsens , a low-cost smart soil monitoring system, has emerged as a potential support to farmers who experience difficult farming decisions. Proximal Soilsens Technologies Pvt. Ltd. developed this technology with the Ministry of Science and Technology (DST) and the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology. The system includes soil moisture sensors, soil temperature sensors, ambient humidity sensors, and ambient temperature sensors. A mobile app advises farmers on optimal irrigation. The technology has the potential to improve the efficiency of agricultural water use ( Diksha Manaware. 2020 ). Furthermore, the intelligent irrigation system based on the Internet of Things (IoT) automate the irrigation process by analyzing soil moisture and weather. g) Livestock Health Monitoring Connected wearables make livestock and fisheries management easier, from tracking location to monitoring health conditions. Farmers use these devices also to track pregnant calves, milking frequencies, abnormal behavior, and disease symptoms. There are several M2M livestock solutions, such as the satellite collar-based management system, e.g., FindMySheep (Fig 7. Source: Globalstar Europe Satellite Services ). This application system makes it possible to find the animal and view a video of its whereabouts around the globe. ( Globalstar Europe Satellite Services, Dublin, Ireland 2014 )). Another system from General Alert adds an extensive list of health and management monitoring for use in pig farms. Fig. 7: FindMySheep (Source: Globalstar Europe Satellite Services) Animals are essential to our agricultural systems, requiring slightly more monitoring than plants. CattleEye is an excellent example of an AI application in farming system. Overhead cameras and computer vision algorithms are used to monitor the health and activity of cattle. (CattleEye.com) Cattle can be followed and monitored remotely and in real time, allowing farmers to be informed as soon as a problem is detected ( Alberto Rizzoli2022) . This is not limited to cattle. Computer vision can also count animals, detect disease, identify unusual behavior, and track life- changing events such as pregnancy and birth. Data from cameras and drones (UAVs) are combined with other technologies to inform farmers about animal health and food and water availability. A few countries have recently begun testing a new AI system that screens animal location, health, and well-being using a combination of computer vision, voice recognition, and temperature sensors. ( Gill Sukpal Singh et al. 2017 ). h) Driverless Tractor Typically, when we imagine the future of driving, we imagine vehicles on the road and passengers not required to keep their hands on the steering wheel because Artificial Intelligence (AI) is handling the driving. Nevertheless, we rarely consider driverless cars on farms. Smart-Ag has announced the working driverless tractor technology as an "AutoCart" ( Smart-Ag.com) application using Artificial Intelligence. This software program completely automates a grain cart tractor, giving farmers much-needed support during harvest. This cutting-edge technology will enable farmers to automate and maximize the efficiency and capacity of their existing equipment regardless of manufacturer. The AutoCart software is a cloud-based platform, meaning