Global Journal of Human-Social Science, A: Arts and Humanities, Volume 22 Issue 11

Among the most prominent newspapers The Union dedicated itself to fighting and fighting for the integrity of the Isthmus under a democratic government. The war on Press Censorship made itself felt with the closure of all printing presses and the suspension of the Union, which, because it has such an ephemeral and important life, is classified as the first victim of a tyranny in the territory of the Isthmus. The Isthmus Constitutional was created for government acts. After the movement of General Espinar was suffocated and the Isthmus returned to the bosom of Gran Colombia, other newspapers with very different tendencies arose, perhaps less conservative and more broad-minded. The Commercial Trade, founded by Mr. Mariano Arosemena to defend the Department's fiscal affairs. Colonel Tomás Herrera founded the Civic Society Los Amigos del País in January 1831 and to sustain their patriotic brotherhood, they founded a newspaper with the same name, whose publication lasted until 1841. With this newspaper, the first outbreak of informative journalism appeared on the Isthmus, since local and foreign news and daily incidents and armed conflicts that occurred in other provinces were published in its columns. The Star of Panama “La Estrella de Panamá” centennial newspaper, founded in 1853 It was born from a need for information for gold prospectors heading to the legendary California, and a century later it continues to be published, fulfilling an admirable function, a newspaper that places it among the most prestigious from the Continent and even from the Old World. Since its foundation, this newspaper kindly cared about the social and cultural improvement of the isthmus. The Star of Panama “La Estrella de Panamá” , in force today, has been a true champion of Spanish- American interests, an eager propagator of whatever could redound to the good of the various sections, a defender of their rights and the disseminator of all the information it could procure on its immense natural resources. Third Period This third period opens with the Aspin Wall Courier, published in English in the city of Colón, although with a small section in Spanish. Due to the work on the Trans-Isthmic Railroad, something that publicists took advantage of to found this body that has been published for more than a year. Subsequently, a series of jocular-style newspapers burst into national life. From their titles it is clear that a wave of humor had invaded the Isthmus and that things were taken half jokingly and half seriously. The content of its columns is a valuable source of information to learn about the customs of that time. Some of the titles that are known are: The Triangle, The Tarantula, The Comet, The Muleteer, Death, Boot Foot, The Whip. (El Triángulo, La Tarántula, El Cometa, El Arriero, La Muerte, Pie Bota, El Látigo). With clearly political tendencies, The Tribune “El Tribuno” appeared in 1856. El Pueblo made its appearance in 1858 supporting the presidential candidacy of Don José Domingo de Obaldía. La Nueva Era began publication in February 1861 to strongly oppose the government of General Santiago de La Guardia. and closes this third period El Istmeño, published in 1867, organ of the Conservative Party and during the validity of the Constitution of Rio Negro, which, despite being "an organized anarchy", enshrined the rights of the law on printing and advocated because it was the press that assumed the responsibilities of their actions. Fourth Period In this time of a true literary awakening, we must include the first journalistic organs that appeared in the interior provinces, thus demonstrating that humanistic concerns were spreading beyond the valleys and mountains of our countryside. We have to mention in the foreground The Torch “La Antorcha”, a handwritten newspaper that circulated in David, Chiriquí, around the years of 1854. Then appears El Coclesano, in Penonomé, written by the illustrious Simeón Conte and Manuel de Jesús Quijano. In Santiago de Veraguas, El Republicano is published. La Voz De Chitré made its first edition in 1882. The Isthmus was also distinguished by its literary effervescence, a latent restlessness animated the intellects and the newspapers flourished with different tendencies. El Cefiro was published to collect the literary production of a romantic generation that throbbed poetry and emotion. Fifth Period This period is known as the pre-independence period and The chronicler “El Cronista trail” opens. Then follows The Republican Union “ La Unión Republicana” in 1884, a political newspaper founded to support the candidacy of Dr. Justo Arosemena for president of the SovereignState of Panama. The Idea “ La Idea” in 1888 with a fighting spirit and fight for independence. Finally, The Regeneration “ La Regeneración” appears in 1897, advocating for an immediate separation from Colombia, in order to organize The Isthmians “El Istmeños”, a free and sovereigngovernment. III. C onclusion It is concluded that, during the post-colonial period, there was an ephemeral proliferation of newspapers with national circulation, newspapers that supported the expressions of liberal thought, politics and the separatist movements of Panama from Colombia. Only the Star of Panama remains today. © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue XI Version I 29 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 A Contributions of the Istmian Press in National Development its Beginnings and Times of the Colonies