Global Journal of Human-Social Science, A: Arts and Humanities, Volume 22 Issue 11

Motherhood . Thus, even after being pregnant with her Kashmiri lover Musa’s child, she decides to undergo an abortion because she does not “wish to inflict herself on a child” ( Roy, 397 ). But Tilo does not avoid Motherhood . She kidnaps a baby from the streets of Jantar Mantar in Delhi, and ensured her safety by providing proper care. In this way, Tilo introduces herself as a newly separated single woman who has never given birth. Her bold choice of renouncing biological Motherhood and picking up an abandoned girl from the street showcased her as a woman of denying the concept of conventional heteropatriarchal family. Tilo took shelter in Jannat Guest House, where she and Anjum collaboratively raised the adoptive baby, whom they named Baby Udaya Jabeen. Anjum and Tilo’s act of adopting a non- biological child and collaborative concern for their positionality and safety in the heteronormative world puts more emphasis on their choice of Motherhood . This colaborative parenting is termed “chosen parenting” by Laura V. Heston that puts much emphasis on individuals with no biological or legal ties to the children they are parenting and additionally with no “romantic connection to their child’s other parents” ( Heston, 255 ). III. C onclusion may do opposite. Maryam Ipe and Revaty unfold the dark norms of society by showing how the societal obsession with Motherhood based on sacred marriage forced a mother to turn her biological child into an adoptive one. The helplessness and subjugation of a typical mother is masterfully represented by Jahanara Begum. All these atypical mothers work as mouthpieces for Roy to unfold the true nature of motherhood and suggest changing the stereotypical idea of Motherhood . R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. “Arundhati Roy says she is writing second book”. The Indian Express (Agencies: Dubai, Mon Nov 12 2012), http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/arun dhati-roy-says-she-is-writing-second-book/1030390 2. Bombeck, Erma. Motherhood: the Second Oldest Profession, New York: McGraw Hill Pub, 1983. 3. Bowlby, John. Child Care and the Growth of Love , Second Edition, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin, 1974. 4. Dinnerstein, Dorothy. The Mermaid and the Minotaur: Sexual Arrangements and Human Malaise , New York: Harper Perennial, 1991. 5. Gibson, Margaret F. “Queer Mothers and the Question of Normalcy”. Mothers, Mothering, and Motherhood across Cultural Differences. Ed. Andrea O'Reilly, Toronto, Canada: Demeter Press, 2014. 6. Hardy, Sarah and Caroline Wiedmer. Motherhood and Space: Configurations of the Maternal Through Politics, Home and the Body, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005. 7. Heston, Laura V. “Utopian Kinship: The Possibilities of Queer Parenting.” In A Critical Inquiry into Queer Utopias, Ed. Angela Jones, New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. 8. Maxwell, Rhoda J. Images of Mothers in Literature for Young Adults . New York: Peter Lang Publishing, 1994. 9. Park, Shelley M. “Introduction: Mothering Queerly, Queering Motherhood.” In Mothering Queerly, Queering Motherhood: Resisting Monomaternalism in Adoptive, Lesbian, Blended, and Polygamous Families . UPCC Book Collections on Project MUSE , Albany: State University of New York Press, 2013. https://muse.jhu.edu/books/9781438447186/. 10. Plant, Rebecca Jo. Mom: The Transformation of Motherhood in Modern America , Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2010. 11. Reti, Irene Childless by Choice: A Feminist Anthology , CA: HerBooks, 1992. 12. Rich, Adrienne. Of Woman Born: Motherhood as Experience and Institution , New York: Norton, 1981. 13. Rose, Martha Joy, “ABOUT MOTHER STUDIES AND THE THEORY OF MOTHERNESS”. The Journal Of Mother Studies: A Peer Reviewed, International, Interdisciplinary, Open-Acess, Digital Humanities © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue XI Version I 35 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 A Diversity of Maternal Image in Arundhati Roy’s The Ministry of Utmost Happiness The traditional notion of Motherhood in the male chauvinistic society holds mothers as the sole caregiver of their biological offspring, and ignore the individuality and potentiality of mothers. Defining Motherhood following any fixed ideology is quite tricky since mothers find themselves in multiple roles with the advancement of time. Consequently, diverse images of Motherhood can be found outside the heteronormative mother role. Most scholars and theorists of motherhood studies have agreed that motherhood studies should not be limited to the area of biological spare. Motherhood is not only bondage based on physical connectivity, but also responsibilities for ensuring the child’s safe future. Many influential scholars root their arguments in a maternal body, while some others argue that, Motherhood cannot simply be ignored as a gender-specific and probably gender-constructing experience. The critiques of the modern era suggests to evaluate mothering as a symbolic act, a social position, available to any, and all who choose to do maternal work. Arundhati Roy is a socialist writer who has observed Motherhood in as many diverse ways as she can. She surpasses all the borders of age-old patriarchal norms concerning Motherhood . She tries to sketch a realistic image of diversified Motherhood through the characters who do not fit into to standardized rules and regulations of society. Thus, by creating characters like Anjum and Saeeda, Roy shows that transgender can be a mother. The ‘born to be free character’ like Tilo, challenges the patriarchal notion of Motherhood and demonstrates that a woman can choose not to give birth to her child or she