Global Journal of Human-Social Science, A: Arts and Humanities, Volume 22 Issue 4

Climate Emergency. Obtido em 05 de 09 de 2021, de AVAAZ: https://secure.avaaz.org/campaign/en/ facebook_climate_misinformation/ 5. AVAAZ. (26 de 04 de 2019). WHATSAPP - SOCIAL MEDIA’S DARK WEB. (AVAAZ, Ed.) Obtido em 06 de 09 de 2021, de AVAAZ: https://avaazimages. avaaz.org/Avaaz_SpanishWhatsApp_FINAL.pdf 6. Comunicación, E. d. (2018). Influencia de las noticias falsas en la opinión pública. España: Servimedia. 7. FCT. (01 de 10 de 2021). Portugal INCoDe.2030. Obtido de Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia: https://www.fct.pt/dsi/portugalincode2030/ 8. Fletcher, N. N., Schulz, R., Nielsen, A., & Simge, A. a. (2020). Reuters Institute Digital News Report 2020. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. 9. Gutiérrez-Renteria, M. E. (2021). México. Obtido em 12 de 10 de 2021, de Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism: https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac. uk/es/digital-news-report/2021/mexico 10. IFJ. (s.d.). ¿QUÉ SON LAS FAKE NEWS? GUÍA PARA COMBATIR LA DESINFORMACIÓN. Obtido em 05 de 09 de 2021, de International Federation of Journalists: https://www.ifj.org/fileadmin/user_uplo ad/ Fake_News_-_FIP_AmLat.pdf 11. INEGI. (2021). Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad y Uso de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares 2020. Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, Dirección General de Estadísticas Económicas, Dirección General Adjunta de Encuestas Económicas. 12. ITU. (25 de 10 de 2021). Individuals using the Internet (% of the population) - Portugal. Obtido de The World Bank data: https://data.worldbank.org/ indicator /IT.NET.USER.ZS?locations=PT 13. Journalism, O. —R. (2021). Digital News Report Portugal 2021. OberCom — Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Obtido em 10 de 09 de 2021, de https://obercom.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/ DNR_PT_2021_final.pdf 14. Journalism, R. I., & OberCom, O.–O. (2021). Digital News Report Portugal 2021. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Obtido em 02 de 09 de 2021, de https://obercom.pt/wp-content/uploads/2021/ 06/DNR_PT_2021_final.pdf 15. Kaplan, A. (2020). Social Media and Fake News: Is this the end of democracy? Artificial Intelligence, Social Media, and Digital Transformation in Media & Society. doi: 10.26650/B/SS07.2020.013.09 16. LUSA. (21 de 05 de 2021). Fake News: Facebook e Instagram retiraram até Abril mais de 18 milhões de conteúdos sobre covid-19. Obtido de Público: https://www.publico.pt/2021/05/19/sociedade/notici a/fake-news-facebook-instagram-retiraram-ate-abril- 18-milhoes-conteudos-covid19-1963276 17. Marktest. (01 de 10 de 2021). Bareme Internet de 2020, Internet. Obtido de Marktest Portugal: https:// www.marktest.com/wap/a/grp/p~40.aspx 18. Marktest. (20 de 11 de 2021). Utilização de Internet por plataformas. Obtido de Marktest: https://www. marktest.com/wap/a/n/id~27e2.aspx 19. Merriam-Webster. (01 de 10 de 2021). The Real Story of 'Fake News. Obtido de Merriam-Webster: «The Real Story of 'Fake News' - The term seems to have emerged around the end of the 19th century». Merriam-Webster. Words We are Watching (em inglês) 20. Newman, N. (2020). Journalism, Media, and Technology Trends and. Predictions 2020: Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. Obtido em 15 de 09 de 2021, de https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox . ac.uk/sites/default/files/2020-01/Newman_Journali sm_and_Media_Predictions_2020_Final.pdf 21. OCDE. (21 de 07 de 2021). High-speed fiber overtakes DSL as OECD countries add 21 million fixed broadband connections in the pandemic year. Obtido em 10 de 09 de 2021, de OCDE: https:// www.oecd.org/sti/broadband/broadband-statistics/ 22. Ochando, M. B. (2018). Manuel El problema de las noticias falsas: detección y contramedidas. Madrid- Espanha: Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Obtido de http://hdl.handle.net/10760/33171 23. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. (2019). Digital News Report 2019. Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism. 24. Sintra, M. C. (06 de 2019). Fake News e a Desinformação: Perspetivar comportamentos e estratégias informacionais. Lisboa: NOVAFCSH. 25. Social, C. (Ed.). (20 de 06 de 2021). O surgimento das fake news. Obtido em 05 de 09 de 2021, de Contexto Social: http://contextosocial.com.br/o- surgimento-das-fake-news 26. Vosoughi, S., Roy, D., & Aral, S. (9 de March de 2018). The spread of true and false news online. SCIENCE, 359(6380), 1146-1151. doi: 10.1126/scie nce.aap9559 Volume XXII Issue IV Version I 28 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals A Portugal and Mexico: An Analysis of Fake News in Times of Covid-19 Pandemic