Global Journal of Human-Social Science, A: Arts and Humanities, Volume 22 Issue 7

(2021) corroborated this opinion that, “the Malian government should... facilitate a public debate on the role of Islam in determining the state’s institutional and political principles, the provision of justice and public moral codes” (p.29). In addition, International Community should collaborate with elected Malian officials and bring lasting peace to Mali. African Union should open talks with major international actors in Malian crisis, especially France, United States, United Kingdom, European Union and United Nations. Africa cannot afford stateless society in Mali, hence there is need for foreign cooperation. Presently, Mali has been isolated from international community following the coup d’état that brought Colonel Assimi Goita into power since 28 th May 2021. The common people are suffering as a result of sanctions, and the northern Mali is still a safe haven for the Islamist groups. As International Crisis Group (2012) opined that, “the international community should now deploy the threat of individual sanctions against both terrorist actors in the north and opponents of political normalization in the south...” (p.33). Time to act is now. R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Abdulla, M. (2009) Understanding Natural Resource Conflict Dynamics: The Case of the Turage in North Africa and the Sahel, Pretaria: Institute for Security Studies. Retrieved from https://issafrica.org/resea rch/papers/understanding-of-the-natural-resource- conflict-dynamics-the-case-of-tuareg-in-north-africa- and-the-sahel Accessed on 6th July, 2022. 2. Alexander, Y. (2013). Terrorism in North Africa & the Sahel in 2012: Global Reach and Implications. Inter- University Centre for Terrorism Studies, Retrieved from https://www.potomacinstitute.org/images/Ter rorismNorthAfricaSahelGlobalReach.pdf Accessed on 4th July, 2022 3. Amnesty International (2012). Mali: Five Months of Crisis. Armed Rebellion and Military Coup. Retrieved from https://reliefweb.int/report/mali/five-months- crisis-armed-rebellion-and-military-coup%E3%80% 80 Accessed on 19th June, 2022 4. Aning, K. Okyere, F. & Abdullah, M. (2012) Addressing Emerging Security Threats in Post- Gaddafi Sahel and the ECOWAS Response to the Malian Crisis. Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre. Policy Brief 1. Retrieved from https://www.kaiptc.org/kaiptc-publi cation/addressing-emerging-security-threats-in-post -gaddafi-sahel-and-the-ecowas-response-to-the-ma li zan-coup/ Accessed on 1st July, 2022 5. Arieff, A. & Johnson, K. (2012). Crises in Mali. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://sgp.fas.org/crs/row/IF10116.pdf Accessed on 4th July, 2022 6. Arieff, A. (2013). Crises in Mali. Congressional Research Service. Retrieved from https://sgp.fas . org/crs/row/R42664.pdf Accessed on 19th June, 2022 7. Bakrania, S. (2013). Conflict Drivers, International Responses, the Outlook for Peace in Mali: A literature Review. GSDRC Issues Paper 1(1), 5-20. 8. Bleck, J. Dembele, A. & Guindo, S. (2016) Malian Crisis and the Lingering Problem of Good governance Retrieved from https://www.academia . edu/33605102/Malian_Crisis_and_the_Lingering_Pr oblem_of_Good_Governance Accessed on 12th June, 2022 9. Boas, M. (2019). The Sahel Crisis and the Need for International Support. Policy Dialogue No. 15. Retrieved from http://nai.diva-portal.org/smash/get/ diva2:1367463/FULLTEXT01.pdf Accessed on 22nd June, 2022 10. Breuer, J. & Elson, M. (2017). Frustration and Aggression Theory. Retrieved from https://www. ssoar.info/ssoar/bitstream/handle/document/61070/ ssoar-2017-breuer_et_al-Frustration-Aggression_ Theory.pdf?sequence=1 Accessed on 22nd June, 2022 11. Caparini, M. (2015). The Mali Crisis and Responses by Regional Actors. Technical Report. 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Retrieved from http://www.sirjournal.org/research/ 2018/10/1/addressing-conflict-in-mali-political-huma nitarian-and-security-problems Accessed on 19th June, 2022 16. Dollard, J., Miller E, Doob, W. Mowrer, H. & Sears R. (1939). Frustration Aggression, New Haven, Yale University Press. 17. Dougherty, J. & Pfaltzgraff. R. (1979) Theories of International Relations: A Comprehensive Survey. New York, Princeton University Press. Volume XXII Issue VII Version I 30 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals A Towards Analyzing Violent Contestation for Power in Mali, 2012 – 2021