Global Journal of Human-Social Science, B: Geography, Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Volume 22 Issue 3

compounds in soils is closely related to the proliferation of Ailanthus altissima . III. M ETHODOLOGY This research was carried out in different habitats of the Community of Madrid (Spain). The variability of physical-environmental components of the region forced to define an area large enough and with differentiated features that would allow reaching the objectives set. Regions with different physiography, lithology, soil science, altitude, thermo-rainfall regime and uses and uses of the territory were selected. The successive field campaigns were carried out between March to October of the years 2019 and 2020. These months were chosen for the optimal state of foliar growth and flowering of the species; ending just before the onset of autumn and leaf loss (Sæbø et al. 2012). Samples were taken in four different environments with the presence of A. altissima (dump, natural space, communication route and urban green area). a) Sampling and Laboratory Analysis 250.0 g of soil were collected with an auger at a depth between 0.5 cm to 0.5 m. Subsequently, the sample was dried at room temperature for 7 days (drying at room temperature has been used because the increase in drying speed limits changes due to microbial activity). Once the sample was dry, 2.0 g of soil was separated for the calcination of organic matter in laboratory muffle at 300ºC for 12 hours (this temperature and scale time have been used to avoid the destruction of clay minerals in the soil). The sample (previously treated in the oven) was then ground in agate mortar to a fine size (<20 μ m). After soil treatment, values for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, texture and mineralogical composition were obtained. For the study of the content of the chemical elements, an elementary semi-quantitative analysis of the samples was carried out, which encompasses the vast majority of the periodic table, except of noble gases and other elements such as carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and several halides. The chemical determination was by Mass Spectroscopy with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP-MS) with argon flame. The spectrometer used has been ICP-MS Elan 6000 Perkin Elmer Sciex with AS91 autosampler. To perform the calibration curve, the values 0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l are taken, except for the Na, Mg and Ca in which values 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 will be used. The measurement of Na and K has been made by emission flame photometry, with Perkin Elmer 2280 equipment. b) Statistical Analysis With the chemical data of the soil, a statistical studywas done with the statistical program SPSS version 27. A discriminant study has been carried out with the content of minority elements. The initial hypothesis of the research is that invasive species such as this plant can change soil fertility and nutrient cycles (Gutiérrez López, et al. 2014, Medina-Villar et al. 2015, 2016), so this statistical study can provide very valuable information about the influence of the plant on the soils analyzed. Complementary to this analysis, the coefficients of bioaccumulation or bioconcentration factor (FBC = concentration of metal in the root/concentration of metal in the soil) have been calculated. The coefficient determines the transfer of metal from the soil to the plant. A value, >1, means that there are mechanisms that concentrate the element in the leaves. On the other hand, the transfer factor FT= (metal concentration in the leaf/metal concentration in the root) was calculated to indicate the type of response (accumulation, indicator, exclusion) of the plant to the metal (Abreu et al. 2012). The coefficient establishes that, if the ratio <1, there is a restriction of metal transport between root and leaf. If it is >1, the metal is transferred to the aerial part of the plant organism. IV. R ESULTS The analysis has established that the presence of minority elements in the soil samples is related to the number of specimens of Ailanthus altissima . In this way, the samples are grouped in the statistical study according to the number of existing specimens. So, the existence of this plant species can alter the content of minority elements of the soil. Figure 1 shows the result of the statistical study of discriminant with the minor concentration of the minority elements and in which the samples have been grouped, initially, according to the number of plants that appeared at each sampling point in an area of 1m 2 . The following initial groups were made for this study: soils without plant, soils with 1 to 50 individuals, soils with 51-150 individuals and soils with more than 150 individuals (see figure 1). Fig. 1: Statistical analysis of the discriminant according to the number of individuals and their content in minority elements © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue III Version I 3 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 B Ailanthus Altissima (Mill.) Swingle, Bioacumulated Specie of Contaminated Soils