Global Journal of Human-Social Science, B: Geography, Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Volume 22 Issue 3

Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation Sector using Panel Data Method Ahmed Derbel Abstract- CO2 emissions and climate change have become a topic of global importance for the international community, which should have led to immediate action to remedy this dangerous situation. The main objective of this work is to identify the causes and factors that can contribute to the reduction of CO2 emissions in the transportation sector. The estimation method based on Panel data for 25 countries around the world has shown that the density of the urban population and the heavy use of private vehicles in many metropolitans are the main causes of CO2 emissions. We have demonstrated that the development of renewable energies, the development of collective transport systems and sustainable forest management practices are concrete and practical solutions to fight against CO2 emissions in megalopolises. Keywords: co2 emissions, panel data, atmospheric pollution, data science. I. I ntroduction ach year, several tones of CO2 (carbon dioxide) are released into the atmosphere, accelerating the rise in temperatures around the world. These greenhouse gas emissions are mainly due to the consumption of fossil fuels, oils, gases and which are linked to various human activities. The transport sector is the second largest contributor to the increase in the atmospheric concentration of CO2. The use of transport requires the combustion of fossil fuels, which increases the volume of carbon dioxide emitted into the atmosphere. Several factors are taken into account to determine the carbon footprint of land transport such as population density, urbanization, and distance traveled, type of journey and number of passengers. According to the study conducted by the OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) in 2018, transport accounts for 24.4% of the share of global emissions behind the production of heating and electricity, which represents 41.5% of emissions from greenhouse gas around the world. The figures show that CO2 emissions from the transport sector have steadily increased over the past decade despite tangible efforts by some countries to reduce pollution and environmental impact. This development is likely to continue if we have not found an alternative to fight against this scourge. To curb the increase in CO2 emissions in the transport sector, the public authorities are obliged to take more determined action to improve the current situation. The main objective of this work is to identify the causes and factors that can assist in reducing the production of CO2 emissions and to contribute in proposing recommendations that could be applied to future programming. II. L iterature R eview The increase in greenhouse gas emissions, especially CO2 emissions, is the cause of global warming. However, when we analyze the growth curve of CO2 in the atmosphere, we observed a very rapid growth, which began in the 2000s. Indeed, the reduction of CO2 emissions from transport is a subject of concern. This subject has been deeply analyzed at the scientific level. For example, the researchers have shown that CO2 emissions from freight transport can be analyzed using 7 key indicators; the modal split, the number of handling operations in the transport chain (handling factor), the distance of the trip (length of haul), the weight of the load (payload on laden trips), the proportion of empty trips (proportion of km run empty), energy efficiency (energy efficiency), the carbon intensity of the energy used (carbon intensity of the energy source). These parameters could be used as a basis for developing and implementing policy measures towards global efforts to reduce CO2 emissions from freight transport. The author also proposed measures such as reducing the number of handling operations, reducing the distance of the journey to reduce freight demand, developing less carbon-intensive modes of transport, improving the filling rate; increase the energy efficiency of road transport [1]. In addition, for the world to stay within the safe threshold of a 2 ° C increase in average temperature agreed to by virtually all governments, the transport sector must be carbon-free. The author has shown that the two main obstacles that have prevented CO2 emissions reductions are the absence of a legally binding global agreement and the high relative cost of clean vehicle/energy techniques [2]. Furthermore, researchers have shown that the transportation sector is a major contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for about 20 percent of all carbon dioxide emissions globally, and road transport accounts for the vast majority of these emissions [3]. Global warming and climate change have been two hotly debated topics lately due to their malicious consequences not only on ecosystems, but also on the human race. The levels of CO2 emissions are on the rise again and the objectives set at the E © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue III Version I 45 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 B Author: Sfax University, (FSEG) of Sfax 3018, Tunisia. e-mail: derbelamd@gmail.com