Global Journal of Human-Social Science, B: Geography, Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Volume 22 Issue 3

sources, including clean energies such as hydrogen and electricity from renewable sources or fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage, to reduce more CO2 emissions produced by transport. Bringing these technologies to commercial viability will require a significant research and development effort. b) Improve the performance of public transport system The International reports on the reduction of CO2 emissions mention the measures taken to promote walking and the use of bicycles. Furthermore, an efficiently designed and implemented a public transport system offers a practical mode of travel that reduces the need for private vehicles, and thus reduces CO2 emissions produced per passenger-km traveled. Public transit promotes urban densification and also serves to reduce the distances to be traveled and provides a convenient travel mode that reduces the need for individual vehicles [9]. c) Traffic management and town planning International governments are obliged to create traffic management measures (congestion tolls, vehicle guidance systems, and parking regulations) to reduce CO2 emissions. Indeed, the same is true of the efforts made to integrate regional planning and transport policy, an essential step to control the growth in traffic and CO2 emissions. This omission seems to be attributable to the sharing of responsibilities between the central power and the local communities. It therefore seems justified to assess the role that local authorities can play in reducing CO2 emissions produced by transport, even if energy efficiency must remain one of the major objectives of national policy. VIII. C onclusion Road transportation is the biggest contributor to CO2 emissions, and the second largest source of growth in these emissions in the world. It should be an integral part of any strategy to reduce CO2 emissions. There is no magic solution to the problem of sustainable mobility, but there is a set of tools and measures, which, if deployed in a consistent manner, can help us to reduce CO2 emissions from transport and improve life quality for the various populations. The panel data approach leads to the following conclusion. The restriction of CO2 emissions measured by changes in population density and the massive use of private vehicles. Referring to the empirical study of the 25 countries in the world, the establishment of a green zone and efficient public transport networks can reduce CO2 emissions from the transportation sector. To do this, the world should start planning and investing now in the future to target transformations in urban planning, electrified public transport infrastructure and networks, and the infrastructure necessary for electric vehicles and their location. R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Liimatainen, H., Kallionpaa, E, Pollanen, M., Stenholm, P., Tapio, P and McKinnon, A., Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 81, 177-191 (2014) 2. Santos, G. Road transport and CO2 emissions: What are the challenges? Transport Policy, 59, 71– 74. doi: 10.1016/j.tranpol.2017.06.007 (2017) 3. Albuquerque, F., Maraqa, M., Chowdhury, R., Mauga, T., Alzard, M., Greenhouse gas emissions associated with road transport projects: current status, benchmarking, and assessment tools, Transportation Research Procedia, 48, 2018-2030 (2020). 4. Liimatainen, H., Pöllänen, M. & Viri, R. CO2 reduction costs and benefits in transport: socio- technical scenarios. Eur J Futures Res 6, 22 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40309-018-0151-y. 5. Banister, D. The climate crisis and transport, Transport Reviews, 39: 5, 565-568 (2019), DOI: 10. 1080/01441647.2019.1637113. 6. Sims R., R. Schaeffer, F. Creutzig, X. Cruz-Núñez, M. D’Agosto, D. Dimitriu, M.J. Figueroa Meza, L. Fulton, S. Kobayashi, O. Lah, A. McKinnon, P. Newman, M. Ouyang, J.J. Schauer, D. Sperling, and G. Tiwari, 2014: Transport. In: Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. https://www. ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_ chapter8.pdf. 7. Bouzid, I., Derbel, A., Elleuch, B. Factors responsible for road traffic noise annoyance in the city of Sfax, Tunisia, Applied Acoustics, Volume 168, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107 412. 8. Derbel, A., Boujelbene, Y.: Automatic classification and analysis of multiple-criteria decision making. In: Bouhlel, M.S., Rovetta, S. (eds.) SETIT 2018. SIST, vol. 146, pp. 83–93. Springer, Cham (2020). https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21005-2_8 9. Derbel A., Boujelbene Y. (2020) Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks to Solve Road Traffic Congestion in the Sfax City. DiCES-N 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1130. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/978-3-030-40131-3_8 Volume XXII Issue III Version I 50 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals B Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emission from Transportation Sector using Panel Data Method