Global Journal of Human-Social Science, B: Geography, Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Volume 23 Issue 6

when the samples are rich in minerals including salts (salt water), the temperatures and redox potentials are lower and vice versa. The high values observed for the temperature measurement can be explained by the effect of global warming in the city of Kinshasa as no hot wastewater discharge source was recorded. This explanation refers to the simulation study conducted by ANCR on Climate Change in the Democratic Republic of Congo, which shows that the simulated temperature increases in steps of 1°C from 1990 to 2100. The graph of conductivity, TDS and salinity shows the same patterns, which means a strong correlation between these parameters. This correlation is confirmed with the correlation matrix. The strong correlation between TDS, salinity and conductivity is explained by the presence of chemical substances in our samples, enriching the medium with ions (e.g. Na+, Cl-...). These ions then participate in the formation of salt and also increase the capacity of the leachate present in the discharge to conduct electric current. It should also be noted that the mineralization of these leachates may be mainly due to salts because of the observed values. The high values of TDS indicate us in first approximation also the presence of metallic trace elements (copper and zinc). It is therefore necessary to deepen studies in this context. We can therefore say by the results obtained that the Kasa-Vubu dump contains polluting species in minerals and heavy metals. Illegal dumping can have many harmful consequences. In addition to the degradation of the landscape, they pollute the soil and water, attract rats and insects, and cause odor nuisance and health hazards. Waste can be treated in different ways depending on its properties. They can be classified according to their physical state (solid, liquid, gaseous), their origin (household waste, industrial waste, agricultural waste), their treatment (primary, secondary, final) or their hazardousness (inert waste, ordinary waste, special waste). Intuitively, human beings, like animals, deposit their waste away from their living areas, for various reasons, including health concerns (protection against odors, parasites, physical damage and infections). In fact, in the strict sense of the term, rational urban waste management consists of evacuating garbage outside the city, because its deposit in inhabited areas pollutes the environment and deteriorates the quality of life. Any organic matter of animal or plant origin will sooner or later, depending on the physico-chemical conditions such as temperature and humidity, be colonized by microorganisms. They will find there food and development while producing gases and substances having a negative effect (toxic substances and/or inhibiting the expected effects) on the surrounding environment. In a landfill, the phenomena that develop, following the biodegradation of organic matter, will be all the more complex as the volume of waste will be heterogeneous. The uncontrolled landfill brings together wastes of various nature (weakly or rapidly biodegradable materials, plastics, metals, glasses and ceramics) and mixed populations of endogenous microorganisms which come from the waste, the surrounding atmosphere or the subsoil of the landfill. The heterogeneity, the presence of biodegradable materials and the influence of external parameters, such as rainfall and temperature, are referred to as biogas. The inflow to this landfill corresponds to the inflow of water as well as the inflow of waste during the dumping of the waste. Water, the element with the greatest influence on the evolution of the waste, comes from three main sources: runoff arriving at the landfill, precipitation, and the water constituting the waste. The leachate or percolating liquids from the landfill are bacteriologically and especially chemically loaded with both mineral and organic substances. They can mix with surface water as well as with groundwater and therefore constitute a polluting element both in terms of quality and quantity (ecotoxicological elements). The water passing through the waste layer will be loaded with polluting substances such as soluble organic matter resulting from the biological activity of the uncontrolled landfill, inorganic constituents such as heavy metals (from batteries in particular) and germs that can be dangerous for health and the environment. The greatest risk associated with the production of leachate is the contamination of the groundwater. This would result in the pollution of drinking water wells and thus deprive the population of an element vital to its survival. The pollution of drinking water reserves by pathogenic micro-organisms is likely to cause epidemics. There are other nuisances of uncontrolled landfills that have a lesser environmental impact than biogas and leachate, but whose consequences on the socio-economic life are more easily discernible. The visual impact of landfills, coupled with the problem of odors. The waste storage activity also leads to a whole series of pests such as stray animals, which are a source of nuisance for the population. Figure 9: Waste at the pirate dump on Saio Avenue © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 27 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 B Analysis of the Household Waste Management System and the Health and Environmental Impact in the Municipality of Kasa Vubu, City of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo