Global Journal of Human-Social Science, B: Geography, Environmental Science and Disaster Management, Volume 23 Issue 6

b) Health effects of waste Uncontrolled landfills and some waste accumulation sites represent a danger to human health. Among the health risks that may arise and the nuisances associated with them, we note Proliferation of rodents and insects: the waste, before fermentation, constitutes the main food of rats direct or indirect agents of propagation of serious diseases: (plague, fever, etc.). They are poles of attraction for flies and other insects, passive vectors of germs and viruses; Emanations of toxic gases (methane, hydrogen sulfide, etc.), foul odors and germs that proliferate in the dust of garbage; Pollution of water resources: Waste can contaminate groundwater and/or surface water when deposited on undeveloped land. Pathogenic germs and heavy metals can then reach the water table by infiltration of leachate, or surface water by runoff of contaminated rainwater; Contamination of the marine environment and surface waters by direct discharge of waste; Degradation of the landscape (visual pollution): The urban landscapes lose their aesthetics because of the flight of papers and plastic packaging contained in the heaps of waste stored in the uncontrolled dumps; Risk of fires: Waste is often easily inflammable, it can ignite by spontaneous combustion, when it is put in heaps without precaution, with production of smelly fumes; In the long term, the piling up of waste in these landfills causes CH4 methane gas (biogas) to escape, which, due to its odor and ignition rate, is dangerous (Holenu, M, 2016). c) The health effects of poor waste disposal techniques The combustion of waste and the gases it generates emits oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulfur, acids, dust and volatile organic compounds. These substances, emitted in varying concentrations depending on the incineration and smoke treatment processes used, are released into the environment, where they mix with those emitted by other sources, substances specific to waste incineration, likely to have a health impact on the local population such as • Trichloroethane (various systemic effects); • Benzene (carcinogenic); • Cadmium (renal effect); • Nickel (carcinogenic). As for liquid discharges from incineration units, they are likely to contain heavy metal residues, among which mercury and nickel are specific toxicants (Holenu. M, (2012). Poorly controlled landfilling can contaminate soils and groundwater, leachate leaching into the subsoil leads to severe degradation of groundwater (Holenu. M, (2012). Solid and liquid wastes discharged into waterways are likely to contain oxidized or reduced metallic substances, halogenated organic compounds, and traces of solvents and pesticides, whose known toxic effects appear to be able to affect only aquatic organisms directly exposed to the discharge (Holenu. M, (2016). IV. C onclusion The results of the surveys conducted show that most of the waste in the commune of Kasa Vubu is essentially due on the one hand, to the lack of adequate waste management structures. This state of affairs has led to the degradation and pollution of the environment by uncontrolled dumps with harmful consequences on the health of the population. This landfill is at the root of the diseases encountered by the population, as the population surveyed suffers more from malaria, typhoid fever, amoebiasis, diarrhea and cholera. These results prove that the people living next to this uncontrolled public dump in the commune of Kasa-Vubu are more exposed to the risks of diseases related to insalubrity. After having analyzed the data, we can affirm that the commune of Kasa-Vubu is at great risk of urban degradation. The populations living in the neighborhoods where there are pirate dumps are exposed to numerous diseases related to the unhealthy environment. We solicit the involvement of urban and municipal authorities to make this environment healthy and thus contribute to the eradication of diseases related to insalubrity and fight against environmental degradation. The results of our surveys show that good urban waste management can effectively lead to the improvement of the environment and the health conditions of the population of the city of Kinshasa if and only if all the actors involved become aware of it. But if this is not applied, the bad management of urban waste leads to a degradation of the aesthetics of the city and immobilization of productive land due to the presence of non-biodegradable products (example: plastic bags, demolition waste, etc.), a source of various pollutions of the water table and of the atmosphere and a source of many diseases. To do this, awareness around the defined actions must be one of the priority components in any program of this plan. This awareness must be well elaborated, sustainable, and entrusted to professionals in the field, so that waste is anchored in the collective consciousness as a real problem with shared responsibility, and not as a product that we get rid of so that it is managed by the other link in the chain. Thus, the poor management of waste in the commune of Kasa-Vubu is due to the lack of regulations and strategies on the management of the landfill, and this has a negative impact on the environment and on the health of the population. Thus, faced with problems of planning, organization of space, management and Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 30 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 © 2023 Global Journals B Analysis of the Household Waste Management System and the Health and Environmental Impact in the Municipality of Kasa Vubu, City of Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo