Global Journal of Human Social Science, C: Sociology and Culture, Volume 23 Issue 2

2011 characterize the poultices with different Arbocel® ® fibers and study its workability indicating that the optimum humidity is Wc = 3.5 and 4 for BWW40; Wc = 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6 for BC200, BC1000, and mixture BC1000/BWW40. They also study the retraction during drying, concluding that it is of the order of 4 to 9% depending on the humidity of the air and the connection with the substrate. The stronger and thinner the adhesion of the poultice to the substrate is, the smaller the contraction will be. In order to work with cellulose poultices, substrate porosity greater than 15 μ m and not lower than 10 μ m is recommended. Regarding the way in which the poultice is elaborated and placed, we can establish that [17] Fassina et Al describe for the first time the manufacture of a poultice with a mechanical system of mortar projection. [18] Ettl, H. et M. Krus. 2003 indicate that the contact between poultice and substrate is a discontinuity that constitutes the main factor in the loss of effectiveness of the treatments. [19] Michael Auras (2008) cites that he elaborates poultices with mortar projecting machines and indicates that with those machines it is possible to inject particles into the substrate and that it is also convenient to interpose Washi (Japanese paper). [20] Gisbert et al (2011) patented a poultice projection system that mixes Arbocel® with water at gunpoint (GunPoint Mix system) [6], system that was used in this research. This system has been used in several restoration works. [21] Although there are citations about the use of projection systems, there are no studies regarding the variation of properties between projected poultices and handmade poultices. III. O bjectives Characterizing the differences in physical characteristics and the behavior of cellulose fiber poultices depending on the type; this is, handmade poultice or Gunpoint mix poultice (made with an automated projection system). IV. M ethodology a) Materials (Table 1) In order to elaborate the poultices, both “Handmade” and “GPM”, Arbocel® fibers with a size of BWW40 (from Arbocel®) and an average length of 200 μ m were used. Other fibers were not used because the projection system gets clogged with longer fibers. However, it is possible to project the BWW40 with clays, but this possibility is not explored in this first publication. In order to carry out the microscopic observation of the poultices, these were consolidated with Gurit SP 115 epoxy resin with yellow Struers Epodye dye (6135-1431). For microscopy, the preparations were performed in the SAI of the Universidad of Zaragoza, and viewed in a polarized light microscope. For the observation at higher magnifications a SEM (model JEOL SM 6400) of the SAI of the Universidad of Zaragoza was used. Using SEM photos, an exact drawing of each component was made and the percentages were obtained through digital image processing. The drying and the environmental control of the experiments were achieved by means of a climatic chamber (Binder KBF240). To evaluate the effectiveness of each poultice in terms of penetration of the restoration products in a substrate, the consolidant Syton® X30 (from KREMER) was used. It is an aqueous silica acid dispersion that presents a silica concentration of 30% and a specific weight of 1200 g/ liter. When it dries, the dispersion hardens turning into a dry gel structure with high chemical adhesion power. Due to the high chemical and temperature resistance, Syton® X30 is used as binder for mortars, surface modification medium and estender . This consolidant was chosen because of its versatility and relative low viscosity (another product was also evaluated (epoxy resin), but it presented high viscosity). Table 1: General characteristics of the involved materials. After [23] [26] © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 3 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 C Poultices Generated Mechanically with Compressed Air: “Gunpoint Mix System” Characterization and Properties. Comparison with “Handmade” Poultices