Global Journal of Human Social Science, C: Sociology and Culture, Volume 23 Issue 3

Research of Social Inequality of the Population in the Regions of Kazakhstan Nailya K. Nurlanova α , Farida G. Alzhanova σ & Nursaule Zh. Brimbetova ρ Abstract- Under the conditions of the negative impact of global economic, geopolitical, climatic and epidemiological risks the income gap between different social strata of the population in different regions of the Kazakhstan is gro wing. Therefore, the reduction of social inequali ty of the population is an im portant problem. The purpose of the article is to study theoretical and practical issues of social inequality and develop recommendations for its reduction in Kazakhstan. The hypothesis of the study is the assumption about the growing inequality of the population living in different regions of Kazakhstan. The article summarizes the theoretical views of scientists on the problems of inequality, examines the dynamics of key indicators reflecting the standard of living of the population in the regions of Kazakhstan. The conclusion is made about the strengthening of social inequality of the population living in different regions of the country. Measures have been developed to reduce it. The methods of system research, generalizations, economic-statistical, index, scoring and ranking were used. Keywords: social inequality, income of the population, inclusive development, region, socio-economic development, poverty, gender equality. I. I ntroduction n the last decade of the XXI century, a deep technological and structural transformation is taking place in the world economy, in the process of which new high-tech industries and efficient jobs for highly qualified workers are emerging. This leads, on the one hand, to economic growth, on the other, to an increase in income inequality of various social groups of the population. Thus, the incomes of workers in highly paid sectors of the economy are growing, while those employed in traditional industries that preserve backward technologies are declining. Many researchers confirm the idea that economic growth not only contributes to poverty reduction, but is also accompanied by an increase in social inequality (Kanbur, 2000). This leads to the conclusion that the problems of inequality and economic growth are interrelated. Indeed, in modern conditions, the development of the world economic system and individual national economies cannot be called sustainable when most of the world's wealth belongs to 1% of the population, the so-called "golden billion". Thus, according to the updated criteria of the World Bank (3.2 and 5.5 US dollars per day), almost half of the world's population lived below the poverty line in the world – 3.4 billion people (World Bank, 2023). At the same time, according to analysts, starting from 2020, in just one quarter of the global pandemic, the total wealth of the world's billionaires increased by 27.5%, amounting to 10.2 trillion US dollars. Inertial development under this scenario leads to the fact that economic growth is limited by the exhaustion of natural resources, accompanied by an increase in the number of poor segments of the population, a decrease in demand for products. As a result, there is a deepening of differentiation of countries and regions, an increase in unemployment, poverty and poverty, marginalization and increased uncontrolled migration of the population. The digital economy facilitates human access to social goods and services. If a society has an additional resource - access to infrastructure and communications, the Internet, it has increased opportunities to meet its needs (access to water, food, housing, energy resources, health services, education). But along with positive trends, the expansion of digitalization in all sectors of the economy, the development of Big Data will eventually lead to the formation of a new oligarchic stratum of society (Harari, 2019, p.13] and to the new digital dictatorship, the so- called "network Netocracy" (Bard & Zoderkvist, 2004). Thanks to full access to information and manipulation of information, it acquires unlimited power in the management of society. At the same time, vulnerable social strata appear in society that do not possess digital skills and do not benefit from Internet resources. These strata of society are gradually becoming the poorest population. With the development of digital technologies, a significant part of the population of many countries will be forced out of the labor market, which will lead to an increase in unemployment, lower incomes, job cuts, and a decrease in the middle-class stratum. In other words, despite digitalization and automation of processes in all spheres of the economy and human life, the problems of inequality are increasing in all countries. And everyone knows that an I © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue III Version I 43 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 C Author α σ ρ : Institute of Economics of the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan; Kurmangazy str., 29, 050010, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan. e-mails: n.k.nurlanova@gmail.com , nurlanova.nailya@ieconom.kz, alzhanova.farida@ieconom.kz , nbrimbetova@mail.ru