Global Journal of Human Social Science, C: Sociology and Culture, Volume 23 Issue 3

increase in the stratification of society can lead to serious social conflicts regarding the distribution of resources in the country and negatively affects economic, social and political stability. Kazakhstan is no exception. In our country with a developing economy, large differences in spatial development and the predominance of extractive industries, the problems of social inequality are very acute. Under the influence of global challenges, income differentiation in Kazakhstan has increased significantly. According to experts, in 2021 in Kazakhstan, the number of rich people with a fortune of more than 30 million US dollars increased by 33%. At the same time, the share of poor households with incomes below the subsistence minimum increased to 5.2% compared to 4.3% in 2019, and in rural areas amounted to 6.3% (EEC, 2019). Therefore, the problem of overcoming social inequality of the population is relevant in Kazakhstan. The purpose of the article is to study theoretical and practical issues of social inequality and develop recommendations for its reduction in Kazakhstan. An attempt is made on the basis of generalization of theoretical views of scientists on the problems of inequality and analysis of the dynamics of social indicators in the regions of Kazakhstan to confirm the hypothesis about the growing inequality of the population living in different regions of the country. It was made the conclusion about the need for constant monitoring of social indicators in the regions of the country, the development of a National Program to combat poverty in Kazakhstan in areas differentiated by region was proposed. The methods of system research, generalizations, economic-statistical, index, scoring and ranking were used. II. L iterature R eview on the P roblem of S ocial I nequality and I nclusive D evelopment Many theorists, economists and analysts have been researching the phenomena of economic growth, social development and inequality for many years. The subject of the scientists' research was mainly factors of economic growth or recession, and unstable development (Kuznets, 1963; Lewis, 1954; Holmes, 1999; Fujita, Krugman, 1995). However, institutional and social causes of economic inequality in different territories of the country and different social strata of the population have been poorly investigated. Later, more attention was paid to the problems of spatial inequality. Thus, the famous scientist Krugman associated economic development with the growth of urbanization and inequality in its early stages of development (Krugman, 1991). According to his theory, economic growth is promoted by structural changes in the urban economy, allowing it to take advantage of increased profits and the economy of urbanization. This theory was supported and developed by other scientists. In particular, Ross proved that urbanization accelerates the process of redistribution of labor from rural to urban areas (Ross, 2000). Behrens K. and Robert-Nicoud F. it was revealed that the growth of cities and a large concentration of the population are associated with growing inequality (Behrens & Robert- Nicoud, (2014). Scientists Baum-Snow N. and Pavan R. identified a positive relationship between the size of a city and wage inequality over the past decades and found that intra-group inequality in large cities is an important driving force of this relationship (Baum-Snow, 2012). Of interest are empirical studies by a number of authors on spatial inequality on the example of the provinces of China. Thus, to assess territorial inequality, these authors analyzed the influence of independent variables measuring the level of globalization, decentralization and the location of production on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (Tsui, 1993; Zhou & Qin, 2012). Other scientists who study the issues of concentration of factors of production and consumer market in the regions of developed countries also attach great importance to solving the problem of territorial inequality (Wei, Fang, 2006). Thus, the geographical concentration of material, financial and human capital to a certain extent confirms the territorial inequality in the distribution of human benefits. In the future, research papers began to trace the uneven distribution of income and poverty, excessive differentiation in access to health services, education (Granberg& Zaitseva, 2002; Grigoriev & Parshina, 2013; Andreeva et al., 2017). In the studies of Ukrainian authors, special attention is paid to social inequality, but the results obtained do not give a real idea of inequality in both income and property ownership (Feofanova& Feofanov, 2017). Generalization of theoretical views on the problems of inequality allowed us to draw a number of conclusions. Firstly, theoretical research and practice of world development indicate an increase in socio- economic inequality of countries, their individual territories, cities and villages. Secondly, despite many studies, there is no consensus on the causes of regional inequality and living standards of different segments of the population. Nevertheless, many scientists argue that an increase in inequality can be both an engine of economic growth and have a negative impact on the sustainability of development. Thirdly, increasing differences in the social development of countries and their individual territories, large discrepancies in the economic well-being and © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue III Version I 44 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 C Research of Social Inequality of the Population in the Regions of Kazakhstan