Global Journal of Human Social Science, C: Sociology and Culture, Volume 23 Issue 6

Walmart and Amazon, or the digital world, such as Microsoft and then the recent ones linked to social networks. In other words, a decisive definition is that the industrial logic invaded services and large logistics sectors, shaping an industrialization of the service sector, which made these positions producers of surplus value and holding “strategic positions”, to use the expression by John Womac k 39 This does not mean that the class as a whole is in these positions, nor that a significant portion of the class does not continue to be unproductive, in Marx's terms, they do not directly generate surplus value. , for the world of work. 40 VII. F inal C onsiderations Observing how the sectors of a factory, company or sector of the labour movement directly impact in a strike is something of great importance to think about those that have the power to have an immediate impact. But also some categories can be strategic not because of their ability to affect surplus value directly, but because of their hegemonic potential, which in the long run can influence civil society. Elementary education teachers are an example of this sector of hegemonic potential, including being spokespersons, tribunes of the people , in the face of other conflicts. Finally, it is worth noting that even categories that could have a more minor impact with their strikes, within given contexts, assume a stronger position. A strong example of this was expressed in Brazil during 2014 in the garbage collectors' strike, in which this sector was paralyzed precisely during of the country's most significant cultural event, Carnival, and the accumulation of garbage in an international event in a national metropolis expressed an influence power of the sector, when the result of the strike was a 37% salary increase and a national subjective impact. The understanding of the transformation in workers' morphology and the strong imbrication of productive and unproductive sectors should not leave aside the understanding of the production nuclei of surplus value, the strategic positions in the workers' movement, and the theoretical categories of productive and unproductive work. What is the importance of reflecting on the particularity of the current productive restructuring? Perhaps one of the significant theoretical aspects of this characterization lies in the fact that a part of the "matrix of thought" of social science authors who are reflecting on the transformations in the world of work is linked to the debates that took place, especially in the 1990s, on neoliberalism. In this sense, researchers think from the 39 Womack 2007, p. 50. 40 As Marx said in his chapter 14 of Book 1 of “Capital”, being a productive worker is not luck, but rather bad luck. There is no moral value or claim to the ‘productive’ over the “unproductive”. neoliberal productive restructuring, but little to the current transformations, which we point out cannot be analyzed as a mere repetition but have new implications and require particular reflection. In particular, the significant inflection that we have seen in the world since the 2008 crisis is being demonstrated 41 B ibliography , which opened a process of economic, geopolitical, s oc ial, and ideological transformations, and particularly in the world of work, this new phenomenon of productive restructuring. The war in Ukraine is perhaps the last great expression of this new moment of global capitalism, in which it has become customary in international journalism to use the expression "deglobalization". The main thing to consider is that when we analyze the current productive restructuring we must have the perception that we are dealing with a new phenomenon and with a dynamic of expansion that is still open. This means that the capacity that capital at the international level will have to "uberize" new modalities of work and transform the consequences of this new crisis with its technological insertions into new forms of real subsumption of labor to capital, to use Marx's expression, is something that is still under dispute. The clashes between capital and labor in the next period will be decisive for thinking about the contours of the new restructuring underway, whether it will enter into a dynamic of expansion, or whether the world of labor will be able to resist and point to another path in the international dynamic, to stop the continuous dynamic of labor precarization and point to the recomposition of its rights, wages, and future. 1. Albamonte, Emilio; Maiello, Matias. 2. 2017 Estrategia socialista y arte militar. Buenos Aires, IPS. 3. Abilio, Ludmila 2020 Uberização: a era do trabalhador just-in-time? 1. Estud. av., São Paulo, v. 34, n. 98, p. 111-126, Apr. 2020. Available from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext& pid=S010340142020000100111&lng=en&nrm=iso >. access on 19 May 2021. 4. Adascalitei, Dragos and Morano, Clemente 2015, Labour Market Reforms since the crisis: drivers and consequences . Genebra: OIT 5. Antunes, Ricardo 2021 Farewell to Work?: Essays on the World of Work's Metamorphoses and Centrality . Leiden: Brill. 6. Antunes, Ricardo 2022 Viraler Kapitalismus: Die Pandemie und ihr Einfluss auf die Arbeitswelt . Salzburg-Anif: Edition Konturen 7. Arendt, Hannah 2018 The human condition . Chicago: Chicago Press, 2018 41 See Tonelo, Iuri (2021). No entanto, ela se move: a crise de 2008 e a nova dinâmica do capitalismo. São Paulo. Boitempo/Iskra © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 8 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 C Beyond Fragmentation: Challenges of the World of Work in the Face of Ongoing Productive Restructuring