Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 2

The Newly Discovered Graphic-Text Combined Study of ' Liushui Genglubu ' in the South China Sea Zhou Jun α & Wang Yifan σ Keywords: zheng changmei's copy of 'liushui genglubu '; mountain water potential diagram; roundabout route; business 1 . I. I ntroduction englubu ' is a navigation guide written by Hainan people to and from the South China Sea islands, the surrounding waters of Hainan Province, and Southeast Asian countries. It records in detail the name, location, needle position (heading), number and characteristics of islands and reefs in the South China Sea Islands and the surrounding waters of Hainan Province. It is a summary of the experience and collective wisdom of Hainan fishermen living, producing, developing and trading in the South China Sea Islands. In 2008, it was selected into the second batch of national intangible cultural heritage list. In the 1970s, when archaeologists conducted research in Qionghai, Hainan, ' Genglubu ' was first known and valued by the academic community, causing research departments and scholars to collect, collate and study '(Nanwei Liu, Zhengsheng Zhang, 2015). After more than 40 years of 1 Fund: The National Social Science Foundation of China project " Investigation, collation and research on marine cultural heritage of Dan people in southeast coast of China " （ 22BZS155 ） efforts by experts and scholars, at present, ' Genglubu ' has changed from the ' Nanhai Tianshu ' that can be understood by old fishermen and old captains to the ' Nanhai Encyclopedia ' today (Chongmin Wang, Genqi Yan, Liang Liu, 2018), and to a certain extent, ' Genglubu Study ' has been formed. There are many records about ancient sea charts in ancient texts. Gong Zhen, who followed Zheng He to the Western Ocean, once described the importance of sea charts: ' When sailing, we rely on the navigation compass, the navigation guide book and the navigation chart to guide the navigation. This process must be carefully and carefully, and cannot be ignored.', Cheng Shun of Ryukyu also has a similar record in the ' guide broad sense '. The book writes that ' from the navigation tool books and maps given by the people who previously sealed the boats and steered..... Can be found that under the sky, on the ground, all the obvious and not easy to find, are recorded in it, ' the book also pointed out that ' there are many pictures and pages in the ancient books,... The mountain and water potential in the navigation route are drawn according to the shape, so as to prepare for the future navigation investigation. After many investigations, Mr. Liu Yijie (2015) pointed out that in the ancient sailing period of China, the positioning and safe navigation of ships were mainly based on needle scripts and ' schema '. This schema refers to the ancient nautical chart, mainly to describe the mountain shape, water potential, so the ancients vividly named it 'mountain shape water potential map '. Unfortunately, this ' schema ', It's very rare now, so it makes all kinds of needle road book has been repeatedly mentioned but not seen in the mountain water potential figure, is particularly important. Although all kinds of needle road books have repeatedly mentioned the mountain water potential map, But unfortunately there is no literature about it. During the author's investigation in Yinggehai, Ledong, Hainan in 2019, author found Zheng Changmei's copy of ' Liushui Genglubu '. In addition to recording nautical routes and flowing water records, there are also 24 very precious nautical charts. It is a relatively complete ' Genglubu ' of ' combination of pictures and texts ' found at present. It can also be regarded as an extension of ancient ' mountain shape and water potential map ' in modern times. 'G Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 1 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 D © 2023 Global Journals Author α σ : YanShan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, China. e-mail: junzi_zhou@163.com Abstract- The newly discovered Hainan fisherman Zheng Chan gmei 's copy of the S outh China Sea ' Liushui Genglubu ' is divided into two parts : ' Liushui Record ' and ' Mountain Water Potential Map '. It is the only complete graphic-text combination of the South China Sea ' Genglubu ' found so far. This book records the tide situation in the western sea area of Hainan Island, the route around Hainan Island, the route distance from Hainan Island to Guangdong province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China, Vietnam and other places, and 24 ' mountain water potential diagram '. The discovery of this book proves the use of ' Genglubu ' by merchant ships in Hainan Island; the 24 sea charts are the continuation and development of the rare mountain shape and water potential maps in the literature of the past dynasties. The drawing of the mountain shape and water potential has the characteristics of integrity, which makes up for the rare sea charts in the ' Genglubu ' of the South China Sea. In addition, the record, writing rules and drawing characteristics of the ' Six Collision Flow Methods ' in this book have the writing of Hainan Island dialect, which has important reference value for the study of Hainan Fishermen 's Island 's navigation knowledge, folk trade and local knowledge.