Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 2

Xun, for example, said that on the 31st, 41st, 45th, and 46th pages of " along the wind, " the words " mountain- shaped water potential map " and " mountain-shaped water potential deep and shallow sediment reef map " were written, but in the books passed down, there were only written records and no corresponding maps. There are also some titles with the title of " mountain shape and water potential " in 'Zhinan Zhengfa ', and there is no picture in the text. It can be seen that the pictures in the original text of the ancient map were lost or deleted during the process of ' copying ', and only the trace of the word ' picture ' was left in the title. Although many literatures have recorded the 'mountain shape water potential map', the under- standing and research on it is very limited due to the very few handed down. Zheng Changmei's copy of the " Liushui Genglubu " saved 24 charts, which provided us with very valuable information to understand the chart. Due to the large number of original charts, this paper only extracts some charts for better discussion and research. a) Records of the line There are 90 routes around Hainan Island, 87 routes between Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, and 17 routes between Vietnam, Guangxi and Hainan centered on Fushuizhou in Zheng Changmei's copy of Liushui Genglubu. In these route records, the route around Hainan Island is the most abundant and detailed. It records many ports, voyage routes, mountain shape and water potential along the east coast and west coast of Hainan Province, and also records the characteristics and resources of some ports. i. Writing rules When the book records the route route, its writing basically follows certain rules: origin + to + arrival + water distance...... miles + Jia + needle position +....... Such as : ' Beinan to Dongshuigang, the water distance is about 30 miles, the east wind, Jia Yi Xin, water eight or nine, sand and mud '. It records the route, voyage, water depth and geological conditions from Nangang to Dongshui Port. Among them, it is particularly noteworthy that the use of the word ' Jia ' in the provisions is relatively rare in other versions of ' Genglubu '. According to the author's research, this is a usage of the compass used by local fishermen in Hainan. When they use the compass to indicate the direction, they often say that they should use the compass frame to identify the direction with the mountains, compass and so on. The word means supporting thing, which has the meaning of support. The back of the ' frame ' is used to represent the record of the needle position. It can be seen that the book has obvious local characteristics of Hainan Province. ii. Schema of the route In addition to written records, in the ' mountain shape water potential map ', the drawing of the line also has its own characteristics. It is generally composed of a straight line indicating the route needle position, more or mileage, the port, lighthouse, mountain and other marks along the route, sand beach, open row or concealed row and other reefs. Some also mark ' there is a flow boundary here ', ' here is the entrance of Leizhou ' and so on. There are also some maps marking the operation of the sea area. For example, when recording the route of Yinggehai in Hainan, the map records: fishing operations: 22 to 26 waters in the inner sea and 38 to 40 waters in the outer sea. In the area from Changhuajiao to Sigengshajiao in Hainan, there are fishing operations: 16 trusts for the inner sea, 26 trusts for the middle sea, and 32 trusts for the outer sea. Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 5 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 D © 2023 Global Journals The Newly Discovered Graphic-Text Combined Study of ' Liushui Genglubu ' in the South China Sea (This is page 9 of Zheng Changmei's copy of " Liushui Genglubu ", which records the route from Changhuajiao to Sigengshajiao in Hainan Province. In this map, in addition to the port, hidden row, sand and stone, needle position, and more, there are also records of fishing operations.)