Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 2

Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 49 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 D © 2023 Global Journals Conservation and Restoration of the House of Butehamon 21st Dynasty 1054 BC - The Medinet Habu Temple Precinct Figure 17: The plan of 1930, in green color the rests of old wall parts (a), illustrative drawing of the entrances direction (b), pic shows the entrance in site. − It was reused mud brick of Ramses III (The larger size is 43 cm x 21 cm x 13) as a basis for the north, south and west walls, as well as in the foundation of the two columns in the western section, where we found the mud brick reused (large Ramses III) on the basis of the two columns in a vertical way. − The four columns in western section, they have been moved during the excavation in 1930, there are evidences of confirmation; the filling mortar used to close the joint between the base and the column body is different than the original plaster (three samples has taken to analyze by XRF & XRD to compare the elements and compounds in sample with the original one. Figure 18: Shows the parts of the previous mortar used to reassemble the column of South East # 60 and the column of Southwest # 61 in 1930. − The entrances and exits of Butehamon documented on Hölscher’sex cavation map are one direction, it means that the doors can open to inside direction, but we have found the cross stone of the door in opposite direction comparing with other two, it means that the west door open inside, so it’s an entrance from outside to the western section. Unfortunately, it became evident that the mud brick walls were in a much better condition in the time of Hölscher.The mud brick walls of the main entrance of the house of Butehamon in east side are completely missed and documented in Holscher's map excavation [1][5]. The most of original mud brick walls are in poor condition because of weathering; falling water in the form of rain and make the surface much more fragile, and rising groundwater seeps into the bottom of the walls, and as this dries the salts in the water crystalline on the wall surface, eroding the base of wall. It’s so windy for many months in Luxor winter. Wind removes the faces of walls. Wind can carry desert sand and this blast and abrades the walls. Humans move out and animals, birds, insects, and reptiles move in to mud brick building. Animals can excavate burrows in earthen material like foxes, and by depositing their waste they can accelerate the rates of erosion. Sometimes the people who come to visit the monuments in the park cause damage to them. This is because taking the same path through a monument can cause it to erode. Plant roots can grow through and damage the mud brick walls and buried archaeology. Plants can also trap moisture, and lower the relative temperature, which can speed up damage to the fragile mud brick structures. We have found the top of mud brick walls with no parameters, no shape because of water where dissolved the components of the mud brick and it became a block with no face. Analysis of plaster layer of stone columns: The purpose of the investigation and documentation is to provide a detailed report of the results of the examination, the methods used, and the conservation treatment. The examination of a work of art as the initial step in its conservation or restoration cannot be limited to a technical investigation, but must also include a critical archaeological study. Indeed, three types of examination are essential: archaeological, technological and a etiological (the study of the causes of alteration). The technical examination is always carried out on two levels: a general examination in situ with the naked eye or with simple instruments, and a special examination of characteristic samples in the laboratory. In order to determine both the techniques and materials used, and the alterations and their causes, one must proceed systematically from the support to the paint layer or plaster, taking into account the climatic environment [11].