Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 2

Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 50 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 © 2023 Global Journals Conservation and Restoration of the House of Butehamon 21st Dynasty 1054 BC - The Medinet Habu Temple Precinct Figure19: Shows the places of plaster samples were taken. The samples are examined using both methods X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence to identify the compounds and the elements in samples. The powder samples are examined by using IEOL X-ray diffractometer model ISX-60 PA of the Central Laboratory of El Minya University. The analysis was run with Cu K Radiation, Ni filtered (=1.54184 A) at 35 Kv and 15 mA, under a normal scanning speed of 2/1 minute, within the range of 20 = 4-100. The same samples are examined by using EDX micro analytical methods. And the EDX micro analytical methods used to identify the elemental arrangement for the samples collected from different places can be put in a decreasing order according to their concentration. Three samples have been taken from plaster layer was applied to give a smooth finish to columns surface considered unsuitable for carving. One sample was taken from the bottom of the column 60 east side close to the base, and two samples were taken from both sides north and east side of the column 61 to identify the elements and compounds used for plastering. Places of samples were defined through naked eye examination and experience of the conservator. X-ray florescence was done using the EDX micro analytical methods to identify the samples and to evaluate their different components. X-ray diffraction was done using IEOL X-ray diffractometer model ISX-60 PA of the Central Laboratory of El Minia University The analysis was run withCu K Radiation, Ni filtered (=1.54184 A) at 35 Kv and 15 mA, under a normal scanning speed of 2/1 minute, within the range of 20 = 4-100. Sample n.10 (plaster), column n.60 south side Results of XRF Description : White thick plaster/mortar used to fill gaps between the column and its base, probable new restoration used in 1930, south side of column n.60. system resolution = 61 eV Quantitative method: ZAF (5 iterations). Analyzed elements combined with: O (Valency: -2) Method: Stoichiometry Normalized results. Nos. of ions calculation based on 32 anions per formula. Standards: C K CaCO3 01/12/93 Mg K MgO 01/12/93 Al K Al2O3 23/11/93 Si K Quartz 01/12/93 S K FeS2 01/12/93 K K MAD-10 02/12/93 Ca K Wollas 23/11/93 Fe K Fe 01/12/93 An EDX micro analysis of the samples indicated that, the elemental arrangement for the samples collected from different places can be put in a decreasing order according to their concentration as follow: C (8.98%), Mg (0.27%), Al (0.73%), Si (2.02%), S (8.10%), K (0.20%), Ca (28.03%), (Fe (0.89%). The obtained results help understanding the weathering mechanisms affecting the object. The sample contained C refer to an organic material founded, Ca and S and C as the major elements. The analysis also revealed a high concentration of Sulphate S (8.10%) and calcium Ca (28.03%) ions which may be attributed to the crystallization of gypsum and anhydrite salts on the plaster. In addition, the moderate amount of Aluminum Al (0.73%) and potassium (K) (0.20%) attributed to feldspars and phyllosilicates group. EDXS analysis indicated small quantities of Magnesium (0.27%). The presence of relatively high amounts of iron (0.89%) and also due to atmospheric pollution. They play an important role in deterioration. Figure 20: The data table of elements detectors, used in examination. ( )D