Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 2

Volume XXIII Issue II Version I 52 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 © 2023 Global Journals Conservation and Restoration of the House of Butehamon 21st Dynasty 1054 BC - The Medinet Habu Temple Precinct An EDX micro analysis of the samples indicated that, the elemental arrangement for the samples collected from different places can be put in a decreasing order according to their concentration as follow: C (6.19%), Na (0.29%), Mg (0.43%), Al (1.55%), Si (1.05%), S (12.27%), K (0.68%), Ca (22.06%), (Fe (1.62%). The obtained results help understanding the weathering mechanisms affecting the object. The sample contained C refer to an organic material founded, Ca and S and C as the major elements. The analysis also revealed a high concentration of Sulphate S (12.27%) and calcium Ca (22.06%) ions which may be attributed to the crystallization of gypsum and anhydrite salts on the plaster. In addition, the moderate amount of Aluminum Al (1.55%) and potassium (K) (0.68%) attributed to feldspars and phyllosilicates group. EDXS analysis indicated small quantities of Magnesium (0.43%). The presence of relatively high amounts of iron (1.62%) and also due to atmospheric pollution. They play an important role in deterioration. Results of XRD The same sample was analyzed and examined by using JEOL X-ray diffractometer model JSX-60 PA. X-ray diffraction pattern of the powder samples have proved that anhydrite, quartz and calcite are the principal minerals in sample of plaster taken from Butehamon are found in sample with gypsum as traces [12]. Anhydrite, quartz and calcite are the principal minerals in the sample11. Gypsum {CaSO4(H2O)2} is characterized by its strongest d-lines at (d=4.28 A; 7.59 A & 3.06 A; PDF n.74-1904). Calcite mineral (CaCO3) is characterized by its strongest d-lines at (d= 3.04 A, 2.28 A & 1.88 A; PDF n.83-1762). Quartz (SiO2) is characterized by its strongest d-lines at (d=3.34 A, 4026 A & 1.82A; PDF n. 5-490). Anhydride (CaSO4) is characterized by its strongest d-lines at (d=3.50 A, 2.85 A & 2.33A; PDF n.6-226) Anorthoclase (Na,K) AlSi3O8, it is Colorless, also white, pale creamy yellow. The mineral anorthoclase is a crystalline solid solution in the alkali feldspar series, in which the sodium-aluminum silicate member exists in larger proportion. Anorthoclase occurs in high temperature sodium rich volcanic and hypabyssal (shallow intrusive) rocks. The mineral is typically found as a constituent of the fine gained matrix or as small phenocrysts which may occur as loose crystals in a weathered rock. It was first described in 1885 for an occurrence on Trapani Province and Sicily. The name is from the Greek for oblique and fracture, descriptive of the cleavage. Essential elements; Al, Na, O, Si Figure 27: The diagram of compounds in sample n. 11 and its charts. Sample #12 (plaster), column n.61east side Results of XRF Description: White thick plaster/mortar used to fill gaps between the column and its base, probable new restoration used in 1930, south side of column n.61. System resolution = 64 eV Quantitative method: ZAF (3 iterations). Analyzed elements combined with: O (Valency: -2) Method: Stoichiometry Normalized results. Nos. of ions calculation based on 32 anions per formula. 2 peaks possibly omitted: 0.00,0.26 keV Standards: Mg K MgO 01/12/93 Al K Al2O3 23/11/93 Si K Quartz 01/12/93 S K FeS2 01/12/93 K K MAD-10 02/12/93 Ca K Wollas 23/11/93 Fe K Fe 01/12/93 The EDX micro analytical methods were performed to identify the samples and to evaluate their different components. The investigations results are shown in. Figure 28: The data table of elements detectors, used in examination -sample n.12. ( )D