Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 3

Volume XXIII Issue III Version I 52 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 D © 2023 Global Journals A Ramesside Stela Fragment with Unusual Offerings (Cairo Agricultural Museum, No.4286) šd ḥ ein dem Wein, verwandtes Getränk,süss und berauschend auch bei der Herstellung der Osirisfigur (aus Sand, Weihrauch, Wein) auch Auch als Opfer für Tote und Götter ‘pomegranate wine’ 77 ḥ šd Moreover, there is a debate about the real existence of a pomegranate wine: some scholars proposed that šd ḥ was added as a flavoring of wine and recent studies 78 have concluded that the šd ḥ drink was made from red grapes. The appearance of the pomegranate lying across the top of the pile of offerings, and its use as a main item in the offerings is unusual on offering tables. However, one can compare the offerings of this fragment with the gold necklace, MFA, Inv. No. 48.59 79 (fig.5) to interpret these offerings. First. The arrangement of items of offerings on the offering table of the fragment (Agricultural Museum No.4286) from top to bottom is one pomegranate, a covered bowl filled with liquid 80 , and four flowers are depicted from the face 81 .The word n ḥḥ is incised on the top of these offerings. 69 Lilyquist, C., Hill, M., Allen, S., Roehrig C. H. and Patch D.C., 2001, 14, fig.p.14. 70 See: Lilyquist, C., Hill, M., Allen, S., Roehrig C. H. and Patch D. C., 2001, 14, fig. p.14; Another reference is from the New Kingdom love poetry; P. Turin 1966, 1/2-4 refers to pomegranate wine. Thompson, Stephen E., Jan., 1994, 19; See also about pomegranate wine in ancient Egyptian love poem, from papyrus Harris500 , New Kingdom, Lichtheim, Miriam, (without date), Ancient Egyptian Literature, II the New Kingdom192. 71 See: Simpson, P.1990," Egyptian Core Glass Vessels from Sinai" JEA 76 185-186. Shaw and Nicholson mentioned that the pomegranate introduced in the New Kingdom, became a popular shrub, and its flowers were important in the garden. Shaw, I., and Nicholoson, P., 2002, 108. 72 See: Terrace, Edward L. B., Jul. 1963, 272, pl.56, fig.14n.27. Necklace of flower and amphora-shaped pendants , www.mfa.org/ collections/object/necklace-of-flower-and-amphora-sh. 73 Germer, Renate, 1987,246 74 Whitchurch, David M., and Griggs, C. Wilfred, 2010, 222, Figs. 18, 19, 20. 75 (Edda Bresciani, “Serpente che mangia non ha veleno. Ricette e segreti alla mensa dei Faraoni.” Maria Fazzi Editore, Lucca, 1993, p. XXVII). 76 Wb. Vierter Band, p.568 77 Faulkner. p.274 78 Janéet, 2006: 98) - (Guash 79 See: Terrace, Edward L.B., Jul., 1963, 272, pl.56, fig.14, n.27; Necklace of flower and amphora-shaped pendants, www.mfa.org/co llections/object/necklace-of-flower-and-amphora-sh. 80 Demarée mentioned that they resemble vessels on an offering table full of grapes, but they are full of liquid. See the faucet at the lower part of the vessel. Cf. stela of Bukentef, pw-qntw. f, 19 th Dynasty, Warsaw, National Museum MN 143341, from Deir el-Medina Demarée, R.J., 1983, 31, pls.III, XIV, A8. Cf. also: a vessel on offering table, stela of Panakh(t)emwese, pAnxt m wAst, 19 th Dynasty, Turin, Museo Egizio 50020, from Deir el- Medina, stela of Egyptian Museum 1/3/25/1 = S.R. 13971, belongs to Roma r-m a, Nineteenth Dynasty, probably from Deir el-Medina and stela of Khamuy, xAmwy, 19 th Dynasty, Cannes, Musée Archéologique 7, from Deir el-Medina, Demarée, R.J. 1983, 47 80, 83, pls.V, A15, VIII, A28, IX, A33. See also: stela of Pahatia pA-HAty-a, 19 th -20 th dynasty, Turin, Museo Egizio 50015, from Deir el-Medina and stela of Merysakhmet, mry- sxmT 19 th Dynasty, Turin, Museo Egizio 50017, from Deir el-Medina. Demarée, R.J., 1983, 50, 65, pls.V, A16, VII, A22. 81 Demarée mentioned that the resemble inscriptions are ciDcular loaves, stela of Egyptian Museum 1/3/25/1 = S.R. 13971, belongs to Roma r-m a, Nineteenth Dynasty, probably from Deir el-Medina and stela of Khamuy, ḫȝ mwy, 19 th Dynasty, Cannes, Musée Archéologique 7, from Deir el- Medina. Demarée, R.J., 1983, 80, 83, pls.VIII, A28, IX, A33. But they are flowers Cf. fig.4 and the flowers are depicted from the face on head bandage of princess Nefert, Fourth Dynasty, Egyptian Museum, first floor, hall 32. Aldred, Cyril,1949, Old Kingdom Art In Ancient Egypt , (London, 1949),fig.10;Aldred,Cyril, 1971, Jewels of the Pharaohs, London,fig.18;See also the incised flowers on the crown of Princess Sit-Hathor-Yunet, from Lahun, Middle Kingdom ,the incised flowers on circlet and achieved flowers on long head dress of a queen of Tuthmosis III from Thebes. Aldred, Cyril 1971, figs. 39, 61, 62. 26.7.1180, New Kingdom, Dynasty 19th-20th, 1295-1070 ca. B.C. 69 This vase may have contained a precious oil or perfume, or perhaps a pomegranate beverage which was often added to wine, 70 pomegranate vessels from Hathor temple, Serabit el-Khadem, Sinai, Ashmolean Museum, Oxford(E4486) later 18 th -19th Dynasty date 71 four pomegranates are items of gold necklace, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Inv. No. 48.59, Late Period 72 . Petals of pomegranate, part of a garland, Manchester Museum no. 6332, Roman Period 73 , a small pomegranate tapestry (3.5 x 5.25 cm) with a cross-section view of fleshy seeds and pithy membranes that separate them, and a pomegranate tapestry of plain weave textile, discovered in the Fag el-Gamous necropolis, Fayum, during the 1987 dig season in different burials, used as shrouds, Graeco-Roman Egypt 74 . In Ancient Egypt, “as an alternative to grape wine, there were date wine, fig wine which was very alcoholic, and also a pomegranate wine that is maybe to be identified with the drink called in Ancient Egyptian Language: ‘scedeh’ 75 The labels on the pomegranate wine jars usually describe the šd ḥ wine with the adjectives and “good” and “very good”.