Global Journal of Human Social Science, D: History, Archaeology and Anthroplogy, Volume 23 Issue 3

History of Location of Turkmans Living in Zarafshan Valley Umarov Anvar Shuxratovich Abstract- Information about the location and ethnic history of the Turkmen population in the Zarafshan region can be found in scientific works published by several experts. However, fel scientific articles fully reflect this historical process. This article covers the history of Turkmen ethnic groups living in Uzbekistan, the settlement history, and the geographical location of the Zarafshan basin. Keywords: clans, tradition, "zomin turkmens," "nurota turkmens," "surkhandarya turkmens," ethnic group, chandir, salirs, khidir-eli, sakars, sariks, ersaris, middle and lower zarafshan valley. I ntroduction istorical-cultural, ethnographic, and ethnocultural study of nations, peoples, and ethnic groups living in Uzbekistan is an important issue. Turkmen can be included among such ethnic groups that belong or the Turkic culture and Islamic civilization, like the largest nation of the country - Uzbeks. However, historical and ethnographic literature does not provide enough information about the origin and ethnicity of this population. Archival sources related to this issue are insufficiently identified and poorly studied, as a result of which they are almost not included in scientific circulation. It is known that the Turkmens are one of the most ancient peoples of Central Asia and are located in various regions of this region, - the Amu Darya, Syr Darya and Zarafshan valleys. The ethno-social characteristics of Turkmen-Chandirs and Turkmen-Khizr- Eli (or Khidir-Eli), who have preserved rich and ancient traditions, rituals, and customs from the famous Turkmen clans of the valley, have not been sufficiently studied. Many historians and geographers of Central Asia have studied the settlements of Turkmen. Yu.E. Bregel (link V.V. Struve), S.G. Agadzhanov, V.G. Moshkova, M. Durdiyev, I.I. Zarubin, N.A. Dubova, Sh. Kadirov, O.A. Gundogdiyev, A.M. Malikov, G.R. Mirzayev and others. The characteristics of the location of the Turkmen living in the Republic of Uzbekistan today have not been sufficiently studied. At this point, it is essential to look the solution to the problems of the origin of the Uzbek people, their identity (ethnicity), that is, their family tree, on the example of the Turkmen people. The geography of distribution of Turkmen in our republic, can be conditionally divided into "Zomin Turkmens," "Nurota Turkmens," and "Surkhandarya Turkmens." In addition, it is possible to study the history and geography of the Turkmen in Samarkand, Bukhara and Kashkadarya regions. Uzbeks and Turkmens are related peoples who have lived in good neighborly relations for a long time. Some Turkic and non-Turkic ethnic groups participated in the ethnogenesis of Uzbeks and Turkmens. Over the past few hundred years, both emerging ethnic groups have been ruled by the same dynasties occasionally. Today, in addition to Turkmen, the languages and dialects belonging to the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages are spoken by representatives of a large group of peoples who took the most active part in the ethnogenesis of the Oghuz. Among them, Gagauzs, Turks, Azerbaijanis, Afshars, Qajars, Shohsevens, Karapapakhis, Qoshkais, Salars, etc, who are part of the Crimean Tatars, can be included. There are opinions that the separation of the modern Turkmen ethnos from those as mentioned above closely related peoples is related to the ethnic stratification of the Oghuz and the assimilation of the Iranian-speaking ethnic groups by the Turkmen. O.A. Gundogdiev expresses that Turkmen participated in global migrations and contributed to the formation of new ethnic groups (Turks, Azerbaijanis, Gagauz). Sometimes, tribes separated and formed their ethnic groups and states. For example, Chinese salaries can be included in such ethnic groups. Although their language, customs, and traditions are from the Turkmen, they differ greatly from the modern Turkmen. According to S.I. Brook, "the isolation of any ethnic group under the influence of geographical, socio- economic and historical factors and the formation of a new ethnic group based on this group" is an example of ethnic separation. G.R. According to Mirzayev, "Turkmen living in Uzbekistan can be divided into two groups depending on their location. The first group is in the Republic of Karakalpakstan and Khorezm region, the second group is in Bukhara, Kashkadarya, Samarkand, Surkhandarya, and 50Tashkent regions. N.A. According to Dubova, the Turkmen of the Middle Amudarya settled in the 18th century, and a part of the local Turkic and Iranian-speaking population who lived here gradually began the process of assimilation. The geographical and ecological conditions in which the Turkmen lived determined the uniqueness of their occupations and places of residence. Zarafshan H © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue III Version I 69 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 D Author: Researcher of the Department of Archeology of the History Faculty of SamSU. e-mail: komarovanvar77@gmail.com