Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 21 Issue 4

agricultural development in a bid towards the realisation of industrial economic ambition in underdeveloped Africa is responsible for their employment problems (Jelilov, Gylych; Waziri, Fadimatu; Isik, Abdurahman, 2016) which is attributable to poor or undefined public policy statement. He maintained that in any economy where adequate attention is paid to agriculture, almost everybody is self-employed and that the number of unemployed is easy to control. According to Lampman (1974) opined that agriculture is the taproot of our economy; and that any attempt to giving agricultural activities secondary attention will make the economy of our nation sooner or later create an unemployment situation. This situation is where Nigeria finds itself in terms of unemployment. xi. Businessmen withholding money from Investment: Keynes (1935), in his book "The general theory of employment, interest and money", found that the number of money industrialists and businessmen tried to hold out from investment causes unemployment. Jelilov (2015) believed that our leaders, instead of expanding industries with the acquired profit to create employment opportunities, lavish such wealth unnecessarily. xii. Neglect of Indigenous Technology: Teriba (1977) says that the neglect of indigenous technology and lack of patronage to local industries, the poor management of our public industries, and the unpatriotic attitude of Nigerians towards work and public property was a distinguishing factor that caused unemployment problems. He says that Nigeria's employment situation stalks because Nigerian industrialists rely much on purchasing the processed raw materials from abroad. xiii. Lack of patriotism among Nigerians: Achebe (1983), in his comparative analysis study on "The Trouble with Nigeria", discovered that a lack of patriotism among Nigerians had contributed very much to our unemployment situation. He pointed out that the past evidence showed that most Nigerians' unpatriotic act in public industries on public properties, consideration of "self- first", and public property destruction worsened Nigeria's unemployment situation. xiv. Lack of foresight of Economic Planners: Ojukwu (1989), while analysing the cause of unemployment in Nigeria in his book, "I am involved" concluded that the production of many graduates was not responsible for the unemployment situation in the country; instead, the social scourge unemployment caused by the inversely proportional pattern of education and economic advancement. He blamed the impropriety on the psychological "blindness of our economic planners in the oil boom days than on "over-production" of graduates. xv. Ineptitude and Corruption of Leaders: Finally, the most significant unemployment causing factor in Nigeria has been identified as ineptitude, corruption, fraud and the general failure of leaders who go on to loot the treasure and squander the ill- gotten wealth abroad. e) Effects of Unemployment a. Brain Drain: Unemployment especially among University graduates result in youths' emigration and active adult population to other countries such as advanced nations of Europe and America. This brain drain leads to the loss of a highly educated and skilled workforce. In a country with a high unemployment rate, graduates of such nations migrate to countries to find a job. This movement leads to the loss of skilled human resources in the country. b. Increase in Social Vices and Crimes: Frustrated unemployed youths could be a recruiting source of armed robbers, prostitutes, economic saboteurs, human traffickers, smugglers, militants, militias, etcetera. People who are not employed are usually violent because of frustration. This frustration forces them to commit violent crimes and other social vices like prostitution, drug trafficking, smuggling, child trafficking for survival. c. Increase in Rural-Urban Migration: Unemployment aggravates rural-urban movement among youths who move to cities searching for non-existent jobs has put more pressure on existing food and social amenities in the cities. Because of the lack of job in rural areas, able-bodied youths move from rural areas to urban areas searching for non-existing jobs. These insert pressure on existing food and social amenities in the urban areas, making the cost of living in the urban areas high. d. Fall in National Output: The existence of unemployment means that a nation cannot maximise the use of its labour force for increased output. In developed countries of the world, the private sectors stimulate the economy, but the reverse is Nigeria's case. People depend on the government, which reduces productivity because the government does not have enough to give to its citizens. e. Increase Drain on Government Finances: The presence of unemployment necessitates an increase in government expenditure in the payment of unemployment benefits in nations where they are paid. The government also spends more on the provision of social services at the same time that it collects less from taxes; Volume XXI Issue IV Version I 63 ( E ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2021 © 2021 Global Journals Which of these Economics Jargons - Underemployment, Overemployment, Unemployment, Rightemployment, Overqualification and Overeducation is Appropriate for an Economy?