Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 3

the parents on that of their children, so that the more this the higher the impact, the lower the mobility (Hellier, 2016). Family capital is now more mobilized by certain categories of assets in order to increase their probability of integration. In a situation of information asymmetry, functions such as executive positions are granted less by promotion (Baraton, 2006). The fact that individuals mobilize social relations to increase their chances of integration thus induces an unequal and discriminatory aspect resulting from these relations. Thus, using relationships to gain access to employment is not competitive. This approach cannot constitute an egalitarian means of matching. We admit that the mode of access to employment, non-competitive like family capital, is without cost for the company and the unemployed person and can lead to a Nash equilibrium for the two agents (Kamanzi et Al., 2010). This balance is not socially optimal. Thus, personal relationships become a more profitable attraction than any other form of recruitment (Mathieu. 1990). Indeed, the selection for hiring by the immaterial resource would mainly retain only those who have a sufficient endowment of social relations, which is opposed to the filter theory which exclusively favors human capital as a recruitment signal. Family capital is likely to favor the retention of the least productive for a nation's economy when its use is aimed at minimizing recruitment costs. Bayer et al. (2005) have justified the merits of taking into account network relations which act increasingly on the effect of economic policies. Thus, how to apprehend the adequacy of the theory of the filter and that of the signal to the problem of the employment of graduates when one must integrate the societal aspect into the theory of job search? Referring to the theory of choices, what is the use of job seekers to choose individual immaterial capital rather than formal intermediaries to be employed? The INS emphasizes that the family solidarity network (element of individual immaterial capital) constitutes the main means of job search in Cameroon (42.9% of active people obtain employment through this channel) and yet 94% of the unemployed are not registered with a placement or job search agency such as the National Employment Fund (FNE), and even more 57% are even unaware of the existence of such structures. As a result, solidarity or family capital or even intergenerational mobility (which refers to the association of socioeconomic status between two generations (Solon, 2017)) continues to grow. Faced with the use of individual immaterial capital instead of formal intermediaries to be occupied, and faced with the paradoxical observation that despite the decline in social inequalities, the social heritage continues to grow, particular attention remains focused on the question of the true role played by education in the association of status between parents and children in the labor market. Two main currents oppose each other on this question, in particular the liberal or functionalist theory and the conflicting theory. For the first, education offers the possibility of acquiring technical and social skills that individuals will exchange on the labor market in return for unequal but nonetheless fair rewards (Jeffrey, 1981). Moreover, the dynamics of this educational influence leads to the reduction of inequalities over time. This dynamic vision of liberal theory can be summarized as follows: The association between the socioeconomic status of the parents noted (O) and the level of education of the children noted (E) weakens over time thanks to the expansion of the educational offer. On the other hand, the association between the level of education of an individual (E) and his destination on the labor market (D) increases over time because of the requirement of the skills acquired in the education system. They are the primary criterion for selection in the labor market. As a result, the association between the socioeconomic status of parents and that of their children (OD) weakens consistently over time. In sum, acquiring socioeconomic status is becoming increasingly “meritocratic,” at least to the extent that educational attainment is seen as the leading indicator of merit (Jackson et al, 2005). Contrary to the functional view, supporters of the conflict theory consider that inequalities are perpetuated or even increased, and are the result of a fundamental systemic fault in which the education system and the labor market are instruments used as pretext of equal opportunity. In this sense, the school teaches the “myth” of equal opportunity. For this conflicting view, the association triangle of liberal theory (O-E-D) is nonfunctional neither in its causal relationships nor in the evolution over time of these relationships. This debate is at the heart of the analysis of the triple relationship Socioeconomic status of the parent (O), Education (E) and socioeconomic status of the child (D). It thus makes it possible to explore the mechanisms of transmission of socioeconomic status. Cameroon has experienced an expansion of access to education in all sections of its population as in most countries in the world. It is true that the stock of human capital that comes from education is of major importance in integration into the labor market (Becker, 1964). However, in addition to the formal human capital acquired at school, the family capital of young graduates can also significantly affect the status acquired by their children in the labor market, both directly and indirectly through human capital. acquired (Becker and Tomes, 1979, 1986). The complexity of the interventions resulting from this reality motivates us to analyze the effect of family capital on the professional integration of young graduates in Cameroon. This problem leads us to ask the following questions: what is the effect of family capital on the professional integration of young graduates in Volume XXII Issue III Version I 2 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals E Family Capital and Professional Integration of Young Graduates in Cameroon