Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 3

1970, 1977, 1985, 1993 and 2003. He finds that the association Intergenerational socioeconomic status is weaker in younger cohorts compared to older cohorts, and he finds that this association decreases during working careers. Moreover, by studying the role of education in intergenerational mobility, Vallet (2017) finds that it has played a key role in increasing social fluidity or greater social openness. In addition to the evolution of the OED triangles over time, an important literature has also focused on comparative analyzes of social fluidity between different countries. In this comparative approach, we find Hyunjoon (2004) who compares the intergenerational mobility of Koreans to that of France, England and Switzerland. He finds that compared to these European countries, Koreans experience greater upward rather than downward labor market mobility. In the same comparative dynamic between Spain, Germany, Norway and Italy, Triventi (2013) questions the influence of parents on the results of the positioning of their children in the labor market. He captures this influence in his work through salary and professional status. Based on a cohort of young graduates from the Reflex survey, the latter initially finds that, excluding Germany, those who have parents who have completed higher education are more likely to have a professional occupation. highly rewarded. Subsequently, by carrying out the Karlson- Holm-Breen decomposition, he finds that the type of qualification obtained is an explanatory factor for the reproduction of social inequality in the labor market, but its mediating role is more important. in Norway, but smaller in Italy. Pursuing this comparative perspective, among the few works identified in Africa, Pasquier-Doumer (2010), determines to what extent the original socioeconomic status of workers affects their opportunities in the labor market. This study is carried out in seven capitals of West Africa. In addition to comparing the degree of inequality of opportunity on the labor market in these cities, she estimates, using a two- step logit model, to what extent for each of the cities, the father's professional situation acts directly on the professional integration of his child or if its effect is indirect through education. The latter finds that access to the segments of the labor market of the seven capitals is conditioned by the position of their parents on these segments of the labor market. The econometric approach of Pasquier-Doumer (2010), however, suffers from a comparability bias linked to the breakdown of the direct or indirect influence of the professional situation of the father. Indeed, as Karlson and Holm (2011) point out, comparing the estimated coefficient of a variable of interest with that of the reduced form deprived of the mediating variables of its effect is not as obvious when it comes to nonlinear models. The coefficients of the two models cannot be matched in a logit because of model rescaling induced by a property of nonlinear regression models where the coefficients and the error variance are not identified separately (Mood, 2010). To face this limit of Pasquier- Doumer (2010), we capture in this study the direct and indirect effect through a decomposition by the method of causal paths of Wrigth (1921). c) The hypotheses By considering the Cameroonian context mentioned above as well as the model of Goux and Maurin (1997), we build a set of hypotheses. Suppose a generation of N young graduates compete to access the labor market structured in three sectors (public, formal private and informal). In each sector there is a considerable number of positions available and sometimes similar between sectors. This constitutive structure of the sectors of the labor market escapes the control of individuals who have no power of modification through their behavior. This situation generates the intervention on the labor market of a set of processes, including those that are not meritocratic. Thus, the family intervenes, which becomes an institution complementary to the market. Its intervention depends on the social context and varies according to the situation and specifically to the environment that the offspring must face. All this leads us to the following hypothesis: Hypothesis: The family capital of young graduates in Cameroon influences their professional integration through the level of education attained by the child and the socioeconomic status of the father. According to this hypothesis, we assume that the belonging of each graduate to a family is a situation that creates an environment in which the latter is necessarily influenced in a process that goes from his education to his professional insertion, passing through the status that keeps his parents occupied in society. This influence is mediated by several mechanisms. Inegalitarian and non-meritocratic mechanisms operate hierarchically and sequentially between education and the labor market. In other words, family capital intervenes first in training (which generates social inequalities in education) and then, this capital intervenes in the labor market (which generates inequalities of access to the labor market) . The existence of these two types of inequality reflects the existence of a direct effect and an indirect effect of family origin, for example, on the process of positioning an individual in the labor market. The presence of these two forms of inequality still leaves uncertainty about the role that education plays in the fight against unequal access to the labor market, which leads us to suppose what follows. H1.1: The level of education attained influences the professional integration of young graduates by reducing inequalities of access to the labor market. © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue III Version I 5 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 E Family Capital and Professional Integration of Young Graduates in Cameroon