Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 3

It follows from this hypothesis that belonging to a family has an impact on the level (and even the quality of education received). Thus, as the level of education increases, inequalities of access to labor market segments are reduced. Considering that the inegalitarian and non-meritocratic mechanisms operate in a hierarchical and sequential way between education and the labor market, we can deduce that in the labor market, the family intervenes to further protect its children who are least endowed with educational resources in order to preserve them from downward social mobility. H1.2: The influence of the socioeconomic status of the father on the professional integration of young people evolves differently according to the institutional sectors. Given the context of the Cameroonian labor market characterized by the preponderance of informal and precarious activities, and the difficulty of matching the supply of decent job training and the demand for these jobs which give access to privileged sectors, II. M ethodologies and P resentation of R esults We analyze in this part of our work the effect of family capital on the professional integration of young graduates in Cameroon. In other words, it is a question of examining the association that exists between the socioeconomic status of the father and that of his child in relation to the level of education attained by the latter. It is also a question of examining the evolution of this association over time. To achieve this, we first present the data and the methodology to then present the results of the analysis. a) Data and Methodology i. Data and variables This study is carried out with secondary data collected throughout the national territory (10 regions of Cameroon). This is precisely the first and second Survey on Employment and the Informal Sector EESI 1 (2005) and EESI 2 (2010) carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (INS). The EESI 1 and 2 surveys pursue one objective, that of monitoring and evaluating government strategies related to employment issues. 8,540 households were selected in 2005 (EESI 1) from two-stage stratified draws, and 8,160 in 2010 (EESI 2). The total number of people aged 10 or over successfully surveyed is thus 22,765. The EESI surveys used here are those of the two-phase 1-2-3 type. “Employment Survey”, first titled, aims to understand employment, while the second titled “Informal Sector Survey” aims to assess the economic activities of the non-agricultural informal sector. To carry out a study on intergenerational transmission in Cameroon, these 1-2-3 type surveys are appropriate. Indeed, in addition to the professional situation and the level of education of the respondents, these surveys provide information on the level of education and employment of the parents of each respondent when the latter was 15 years old (the information of the parents of the respondents when these were 15 years old can be found in the section entitled “Trajectory and Prospects”). The EESI 1 questionnaire only contains information on the father of respondents when EESI 2 contains information on the father and mother of respondents in its “Trajectory and Prospects” section. This provision of information constrains us with regard to this study to focus only on the association between the characteristics of individuals and those of their father. To make these databases appropriate to our study, we proceeded to a data purification process, which led us to a total of 4,440 individuals aged 25 or over in 2005 (EESI 1) and 4,138 individuals from the same group in 2010 (EESI, 2). We generate the following variables of interest on these obtained study samples: ii. The socio-professional category of the parent and the child Like Pasquier (2010), our analysis of the chances linked to professional integration according to socio-professional categories is based on the work relationships that characterize the different professions considered. We thus distinguish the professions which require the work of others (bosses, employers), those which neither request nor offer work (self-employed workers, family help) and those which offer their work (executives, engineers, supervisors and similar, employees, workers and labourers). To deal with the problems of low numbers encountered in certain socio- professional categories, we segment those who offer their work into two categories. Pasquier (2010) proceeds to a segmentation into three categories. In total we retain four CSPs: The first two are made up of salaried professions while the last two are full of non- salaried professions. So we have: Managers, engineers, supervisors and the like; Bosses, employers; Clerks, Laborers, Labourers; Self-employed, family help. In addition to the professional category, the institutional sector is another variable that we consider. iii. The institutional sector of father and child To code the inequalities of opportunity of access to the sector of the Cameroonian labor market, over the two generations that interest us, we code a variable that takes into account the institutional sectors of the labor market. This variable makes it possible to identify the informal sector and the formal sector (public and formal private). It is chosen to reflect the segmentation of the labor market that characterizes so- called developing countries such as Cameroon. Volume XXII Issue III Version I 6 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals E Family Capital and Professional Integration of Young Graduates in Cameroon