Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 3

Source: Author based on EESI 1 and 2 data Figure 1: OD association by level of education in 2005 and 2010 Family capital acts prior to school. Their involvement in the labor market remains conditioned by the level of education of the young graduate. Thus, the education of the young person is strongly influenced by the family. The latter uses it as an instrument of protection and positioning of its descendants. Education has played an almost unchanged role over time. However, its intensity seems to have varied between 2005 and 2010. According to the figure above, we observe the fall in the point values of the intensity parameter Unidiff in 2005 compared to 2010 because the slope of 2005 is steeper than that of 2010. Seen from another angle, we will say that between 2005 and 2010 the level of family involvement in children's education is increasing. The immediate consequence is, in addition to the reduction of inequalities of opportunity of access to segments of the Cameroonian labor market, the use of the level of education as an intermediary of intervention of the family for the positioning of their children on the labor market. In 2010, unlike in 2005, the intervention of the family with regard to access to segments of the labor market seems more marked. Jackson Golthorpe and Mills (2005) reach the same result in their work. This leads to a questioning of liberal theory. Indeed, our results indicate that the influence of education in the mediation for the positioning of young people in the labor market tends to decrease. The phenomenon of diploma inflation that follows the expansion of education in Cameroon seems to be a plausible explanation. i. Analysis of causal relationships Previously used log-linear models allowed us to analyze intergenerational associations. Thanks to these models, we have a global reading of the nature of the associations between the generations involved in association. With regard to causal relationships, these models are subject to many difficulties. In doing so, they do not allow causal relationships to be determined. They struggle to lead to recommendations. The reasons given lead us to use the path analysis model of Wrigth (1921). These models have two additional advantages in addition to the fact that they allow the analysis of the causal influences of the OED triangle: they trace the different paths of causality between the analyzed variables. In addition, it breaks down these effects, specifying the direct and indirect causal effects between two variables that pass through an intermediate variable. In this regard, Figure 2 presents the over- identified model of causal paths with three latent variables constructed according to a structure of hierarchical causalities contained in the following hypotheses: (a) the socio-economic status of the father or the social origin of the son is a latent variable depending on the level of education of the father; (b) the level of education of the child is a function of the level of education of his father, the socioeconomic status of the father and the individual characteristics of the child, and finally (c) the social destination (or socioeconomic status) achieved by the child, which is a latent variable depending on the social origin, the level of education of the father, and the individual characteristics of the child. By breaking down the correlation matrices of the variables of the model estimated according to the maximum likelihood, four components emerge. The latter make it possible to distinguish what is an effect (direct, indirect, unanalyzed, and misleading) in the causal relationship between two variables. The quality of fit of the models is excellent, whether the fit indices considered are absolute or relative. According to the absolute indices, we obtain in 2005 and 2010, a chi square has nine degrees of Volume XXII Issue III Version I 10 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals E Family Capital and Professional Integration of Young Graduates in Cameroon