Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 3

considers exports as a driving force for economic growth. According to Brida et al. (2013), tourism fuels economic growth, which admits a two-way relationship between both variables. In the period 2010-2019 the differences between Ecuadorian provinces economies were huge. Pichincha and Guayas contributed with 54.6% of the country's GAV and 58.3% of the tourism sector's GAV. Last decade, the Ecuadorian economy grew a 51.6% in terms of an absolute variation. This growth has contributed to a reduction in poverty rates. The provinces of Pichincha, Guayas, Tungurahua and Azuay rank among the ones with the lowest poverty rate in the country. (INEC, 2019) Meanwhile, Pastaza economy did not grow in the period. Table 6 Table 6: Ecuadorian economy behavior nationwide and within Pichincha, Guayas, Tungurahua, Azuay y Pastaza Provinces. (GAV in Thousand of dollars) Year Ecuador Pichincha Guayas Tungurahua Azuay Pastaza 2010 66,499,460 16,449,770 1,792,863 1,792,863 3,353,436 759,702 2011 76,536,215 18,292,542 2,029,842 2,029,842 3,727,619 1,134,771 2012 83,856,171 20,662,585 2,271,712 2,271,712 3,944,848 1,042,881 2013 90,533,862 22,956,885 2,375,376 2,375,376 4,222,873 1,032,771 2014 96,894,741 25,865,822 2,524,414 2,524,414 4,432,976 981,797 2015 92,042,505 25,312,810 2,757,000 2,757,000 4,765,706 613,011 2016 93,038,286 25,650,241 2,682,274 2,682,274 4,782,811 546,685 2017 97,082,733 26,406,871 2,857,483 2,857,483 5,013,920 634,614 2018 99,955,953 26,571,645 2,866,045 2,866,045 5,343,370 713,844 2019 100,871,577 27,025,827 2,799,401 2,799,401 5,414,337 730,948 Source: Based on data provided by Banco Central de Ecuador (2020). Annual tourism revenues nationwide as well as in the provinces of Pichincha, Guayas, Tungurahua and Azuay grew. The provinces Tungurahua and Azuay stand out, reaching annual growth rates of 35.7% and 12.2% respectively. Though Pastaza annual rate decreased by 1.57%. Table 7 Table 7: Tourism sector contribution nationwide and in the provinces of Pichincha, Guayas, Tungurahua, Azuay and Pastaza. (GAV Thousands of dollars) Year Ecuador Pichincha Guayas Tungurahua Azuay Pastaza 2010 1,312,445 333,026 459,820 54,161 46,839 18,829 2011 1,427,889 386,472 481,965 67,984 56,613 15,110 2012 1,631,804 477,044 495,421 94,979 68,384 19,608 2013 1,877,562 543,926 619,778 97,121 70,544 18,504 2014 2,054,398 615,151 721,742 85,708 69,222 17,108 2015 2,083,056 625,220 715,490 83,077 77,855 16,152 2016 2,123,199 649,042 717,626 88,993 74,648 17,894 2017 2,225,384 673,288 733,036 103,968 105,874 13,757 2018 2,314,342 664,007 687,524 138,458 132,688 17,285 2019 2,422,591 647,137 764,704 147,592 148,203 16,078 Source: Based on data provided by Banco Central de Ecuador (2020). © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue III Version I 67 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 E Tourism and Economy Growth in the Ecuadorian Province of Pastaza