Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 4

Systematic Review of the Literature on Family Farming and the Social and Solidarity Economy in Brazil and Latin America Pedro Henrique Mariosa α & Henrique Dos Santos Pereira σ Abstract- Concerned with the increase in hunger worldwide, as well as unemployment and the lack of equity in the distribution of income, the United Nations began to address genuinely Latin American scientific categories in its agendas, assemblies and task forces . The two main catego ries are Family Farming, with the recent establishment of the Family Farming decade (2019-2028) and the Social and Solidarity Economy as a tool for transposing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the Territories. Together, these categories can be responsible for achieving the SDGs in 78% of the world's territory. There is a need, however, to clarify whether the science produced in Latin America also presents trends of intersection, in the search for the theoretical construction of a new paradigm of production and consumption. In this sense, the objective of this study was to identify trends in scientific production on the categories Family Farming and Social and Solidarity Economy. An adaptation of the PRISMA method was developed as a systematic literature review to identify these trends in the scientific field in Latin America. After executing the PRISMA method, we arrived at 244 articles from Family Farming and 56 articles from the Social and Solidarity Economy between 2016 and 2020, categorized into Areas of Study and Knowledge, Macrocategories and Microcategories. There are consolidated trends in the intersection between Family Farming and the Social and Solidarity Economy in productions on Productive Inclusion, Sustainable Development and Sustainability Indicators, and with evident growth in the areas of productions on Food Security, mainly in the Organic Foods and Agroecology microcategories and productions on Public Policies in microcategories such as the National School Feeding Program, Social Transformations and Social Technologies. We conclude that the relationship between Social and Solidarity Economy and Family Farming is reciprocal in terms of granting cohesion to the scientific production network, extrapolating the borders of Brazil and integrating not only Latin America, but also Iberoamerica as a path to the expansion of both. the categories. Keywords: PRISMA method; sustainable development goals; social economy; productive inclusion. I. I ntroducion t the end of 2020, while 400 million people in the world were newly unemployed, in Brazil, 20 million people were facing hunger and 116 million were experiencing some level of food insecurity, a trend that went against the goals of the UN Global Agenda 2030. This scenario is even more serious given the increase in inequality, since, in 2020, the 32 richest companies in the world would have profited 577 billion reais more than in previous years (OXFAM, 2020, 2021). Nonetheless, it is necessary to consider that, at present, the reduction of jobs in Latin America is not only due to the crisis generated by the pandemic, since in the pre-pandemic period the level of unemployment also showed signs of falling. In relation to rural employment, it was already showing aspects of stagnation. In 2016, Latin America was experiencing approximately zero economic growth rates. The reduction in agricultural jobs is also due to the drop in exports from Latin America and the Caribbean, with a decrease of approximately ¼ of total exports in 2020 (Quicaña, 2020). The sharp drop in external demand and commodity prices in the region forced many countries to propose fiscal adjustment agendas. Social manifestations emerged in a systematic way, triggered by the gap between the population's expectation of spending on social spending and the ability to provide economic growth in these countries (BM, 2020a). Although agriculture plays an important role in the viability of maintaining the trend of social spending, in addition to the pressure of demand and price variation, this sector suffers from other limiting factors for the supply of affordable and nutritious food to a constantly growing population. Among these factors are climate change, water scarcity, soil depletion and loss of biodiversity, which places agriculture at a crossroads, not only in Latin America, but throughout the world (FAO-IFAD, 2019). As part of facing these crises, the strengthening of Family Farming (FF) and the Social and Solidarity Economy, objects of this review, emerges as a solution to the structural problems linked to food insecurity, inequality, and unemployment. It is considered that Family Farming is essential for the fulfilment of several goals of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (UN, 2018). On the other hand, another socio-political category also presents itself as a tool for transposing the Sustainable Development Goals in the territories, the Social and Solidarity Economy (Utting, 2018; Compère & Schoenmaeckers, 2021). A © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue IV Version I 1 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 E Author α : Dr. in Environmental Science and Sustainability of the Amazon. Professor in Federal University of Amazonas. e-mail: pedromariosa@ufam.edu.br Author σ : Ph.D. in Ecology and Full Professor in Federal University of Amazonas. e-mail: hpereira@ufam.edu.br