Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 22 Issue 4

of healthy foods, with significant results in innovation processes in the structure. of these networks. The second highlighted discusses the relationship between farmer participation in a public promotion policy and agricultural diversification and family autonomy (Valencia, Wittman & Blesh, 2019) and the third analyzes the construction and dynamics of market structures and networks food alternatives (Schneider, Salvate & Cassol, 2016). iv. Northeast Region of Brazil The Northeast region is the second region in Brazil in number of articles. It has representation in all Knowledge Areas, with the three main articles in three different areas, Health, Environmental Sciences and Socioeconomics. The most important of these, Health, deals with animal pathology, reports for the first time the infection in goats and the second in infection in family farmers by mites of two species, Eutrombicula alfreddugesi (Oudemans) and Eutrombicula batatas (Linnaeus) (Faccini et al., 2017). v. Southeast Region of Brazil In the Southeast region, there is a diversity of Study Areas, as well as in the Northeast, with emphasis on two, Health and Public Policies. The two main articles are also, respectively, from these two areas. The first, on Health, assesses the relationship between exposure to pesticides and respiratory problems in workers and family members of family farming in the Rio de Janeiro State (Buralli et al., 2018) and the second, on Public Policies, addresses questions about the PNAE and evaluates the profile of foods in public calls for the program in the São Paulo State (Amorim, Rosso & Bandoni, 2016). vi. Northern Region of Brazil The northern region has a volume of articles concentrated in two Knowledge Areas: Agronomy and Geography. The most prominent article, by Geography, studies land use planning by the government in the savannah of the Amapá State, which is under increasing pressure for the expansion of soybean planting (Hilário et al., 2017). The second, Agronomy, portrays the traditional knowledge of the Wapichana and Macuxi indigenous peoples, facing the invasion of more than 30,000 ha of Acacia mangium (Willd.) plantation in the state of Roraima (Souza et al., 2018). vii. Midwest Region of Brazil The Midwest region, among the 5 regions of Brazil, appears with the lowest volume of articles, which does not mean being the least relevant in scientific production, as it has the article with the greatest impact among the 244 articles analyzed. This production is also the protagonist among the 5 regions of the country in the Area of Knowledge in Food Security. The article makes an interlocution between the Areas of Food Security and Public Policies, from the perspective of Food Sovereignty in food acquisition programs in Brazil, with the Zero Hunger program as a social welfare program and how it was able to create links between food and nutrition security with rural development initiatives (Wittman & Blesh, 2017). f) Family Farming Trends Categories and Articles We conclude, on Family Farming, that there are trends at 4 levels, Study Area, Knowledge Area, Macrocategories and Microcategories. In Study Area, they stand out in continental studies on Latin America and productions from Ecuador and Costa Rica. In Brazil, in order of relevance, studies at the national level, in the South, Northeast and Southeast regions, stand out. In the Areas of Knowledge, Socioeconomics, Public Policies and Food Security stand out. In the Macrocategories, Social and Solidarity Economy, Climate Change, Animal Production, Market Studies and Plant Production. In Microcategories, Monoculture, Agroecology, Milk Chain, Migration and PNAE. g) The Social and Solidarity Economy: A Systematic review of the Literature The Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS) can be seen today as a Research Field in Brazil (Silva, 2020) and is considered an effective instrument for transposing the Sustainable Development Goals in the territories (Utting, 2018). The ESS has an increasing number of academic productions, in practical experiences and articles referring to the construction of the theoretical-methodological bases for the consolidation of the ESS as an economic alternative to the prevailing hegemonic logic (Compère & Schoenmaeckers, 2021). This rise can be seen in advances in three spheres: political, socio-historical and academic. h) The main debates in the political and social fields of SSE in Brazil Regarding Solidarity Economy, the regulation on associations and cooperatives is expressed and still in force in the traditional Cooperativism Law (Law #5,764 of 1971), in the Civil Code (Law #10,406 of 2002) and Law Regulatory Framework for Civil Society Organizations (Law #13,019 of 2014. However, the SSE has consolidated itself in the public policy scenario, in the last decade, with a framework of laws and regulations approved, under development and in addition to the laws, for the consolidation of Solidarity Economic Enterprises (SEE) as a new paradigm of production and consumption. One of these regulations is the institution of the National System of Fair and Solidarity Trade, established under Executive Decree #7,358 of 2010, referring to the organizational forms of the SSE in Brazil. In this law appear the first definitions of the terms “fair trade, alternative trade, solidary trade, ethical trade, ethical and solidary trade” and that these are Volume XXII Issue IV Version I 6 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals E Systematic Review of the Literature on Family Farming and the Social and Solidarity Economy in Brazil and Latin America