Global Journal of Human Social Science, E: Economics, Volume 23 Issue 3

Feeding Card) 13 , which enabled a reach of a potential target audience considered broad – in 2006, two years after its implementation, it already covered 11.2 million families.(SILVA and SILVA; LIMA 2016) The context of the creation of the Bolsa Família Program incorporates adjustments in the neoliberal project, which, in order to contain the most perverse impacts of its counter-reforms, while responding to the pressures of the management of the capital crisis, it carries out a shift in its guidelines to incorporate more focused measures to combat poverty as anticyclical policies ( Minha Casa Minha Vida [My House, My Life], PAC, PROUNI, FIES), which occurred in Brazil simultaneously with the readjustment of the minimum wage and measures to promote employment, maintaining the hard core of macroeconomic policy and fiscal adjustment (RODRIGUES, 2016). From the Bolsa Familia [Family Grant], the growth of income transfer in social assistance policy occurs simultaneously with the expansion of social assistance itself and the advancement of the commodification and privatization of health and pension policies, restricting access to their respective services and benefits (MOTA, 2009). Even though the gains from their consubstantiation in SUAS, the trends presented in social assistance show a contradictory process that, at the same time, points to the guarantee of rights to the whole population by the notion of social security, it presents neo-conservative tendencies that limit its own structure as a protection policy – centrality of income transfer, focus of extreme poverty alleviation, parallelisms, while experiencing the old assistentialist and clientelist dilemmas that are still present. That is, we have a hegemonic tendency to a social policy that is assisted and focused on the transfer of income that articulates to the processes of flexibilization and precarious work to mitigate the crisis effects. Since its expansion lives with the withdrawal of social and labor rights, health and social security, besides unprotected workers, by informality, a significant proportion of unemployed people, as a result of the intensification of the crisis, is forming as a potential target audience of social assistance. For those who fit in the focused profile and can have access to aid, whatever the position of the beneficiary worker, he or she remains precarious. The average value of the benefit received per family in 2014 13 Established by Provisional Measure number 132, of October 20 th , 2003,later converted into Federal Law number 10.836, of January 9 th , 2004, unified and expanded the previously existing income transfer programs: National Program of Minimum Income Linked to Education – Bolsa Escola ; Federal Government's Single Registration (Decree no. 3.877, of July 24th, 2001); National Program of Minimum Income Linked to Health - Bolsa Alimentação ; Auxílio Gás Program; National Food Access Program – Zero Hunger (Law no. 10.689, of June 13th, 2003). was R$167.00. Even considering that the weight of income transfers has increased in the composition of income per head over the 2000 (POCHMANN, 2013, page 151) or that beneficiary families may have had access to the consumption of durable goods (cell phone, stove, TV) (SITCOVSKY, 2009), it is estimated that 87% of the resources of income transfers were used by families to buy food (KERSTENETZKY, 2009, page 7). And there is also the downward trend of its financing, because as the main resource source of social assistance is the contribution to Social Security Financing (COFINS), which focuses on the gross income of companies, these pass this tax cost to the consumers themselves (and here in the case the beneficiaries of the programs) that end up paying for the tribute (COURI; SALVADOR, 2017). From the crisis of 2007/2008, that favorable international environment with low interest rates, which was evidenced between 2001 and 2007, which allowed increased state reserves and collection ended, taking with it the few leeway margins that allowed the implementation of social policies, although punctual and focused that minimized the most acute effects of labor overexploitation and absolute misery and promoted improvements in income redistribution by the base. These trends that have been placed on the periphery gain greater depth and density in the Brazilian reality with the signs of exhaustion of the class conciliation strategy, administered by the PT governments, whose actions managed to circumvent the immediate impacts of the 2008 crisis, with an aggressive strategy of credit expansion and consumption facilitation 14 , which ensured the completion of Lula’s government guaranteeing Dilma’s victory as her successor, until 2013 when the June demonstrations broke out. With the outcome given from the 2016 coup, a new phase of neoliberalism in Brazil begins, whose more acute counter-revolutionary measures deepen the definancing, while increasing ultrafocalism, welfare and conservatism in social assistance. And, since Michel Temer took over the presidency, a series of rights have been under threat, while advancing ultra-liberal projects. In addition to the powerful attack carried out with Constitutional Amendment 95 (of December 15 th , 2016) – the SGP of the spending ceiling, which created a new tax regime (which froze primary expenses for 20 years), Michel Temer carried out the labor counter-reform and approved the Law of Outsourcin g 15 . 14 “The government tried to contain the inflows of the crisis, with tax exemption from some sectors, expansion of the credit to finance the consumption of families and thereby secure a market for the production it sought to be maintained. It was a timid anti-cyclical economic policy, not orthodox, but still within the same neoliberal development strategy” (CARCANHOLO, 2018, page 37) 15 Labor Reform (Law n. 13.467/2017) and Outsourcing Law (Law n. 13.429/2017). © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue III Version I 31 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( )E Expropriation of Rights, Dependent Capitalism and Transfer of Income: Reflections on the Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic