Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 22 Issue 5

subsequently in higher prices, increasing the pressure on state budgets, including food subsidies (Brooke- Holland, 2022). Other countries like Kenya a re also concerned about other impacts the war and financial sanctions on Russia have, for example on Kenya’s vital tea industry. Russia is among the top five consumers of its tea, helping Kenya to earn foreign currency (Heywood, 2022). Now it will have to find new outlets for huge quantities of black tea in record time for about US$ 3.5 m of tea initially destined for Russia (Africa Intelligence, 2022). Last, but not least, Putin's Ukraine war will have a significant impact on It not only encouraged unparalleled shifts in European economic, foreign, and energy policy but led also to greater solidarity within the EU and NATO. However, it may also risk distracting Europe’s attention away from Africa. Just a week before Russia’s invasion, European and African leaders had mapped out their common future, at the on 17–18 February 2022 in Brussels. A common vision of cooperation at eye level, labelled ‘ A Joint Vision for 2030’ , had been outlined. Now the world has changed, raising the stakes of that partnership (McNair, 2022) 3 . Putin’s war, combined with the impact of th e on Africa, will have repercussions on the mutual trust between the EU and Africa. About 86 % of Africans still have to receive two vaccine doses. In Africa and the Middle East, the pandemic has already pushed between 29 million and 43 million people into extreme poverty. Some African leaders do no longer see Western countries as reliable partners, as South African President pointed out at the EU-AU 2022 summit (McNair, 2022). R eferences R éférences R eferencias 1. Admin (2022): Russia can use hunger as a geopolitical weapon. News Text Area , March 23, 2022 2. Africa Intelligence (2022): Ukraine war forces Kenya to find new buyers for 1m kilos of tea meant for Russia. Africa Intelligence , 7 April 2022 3. Ali, A.A. & F. Azaroual & O. Bourhriba (2022): The economic implications of the war in Ukraine for Africa and Morocco. Policy Brief , Policy Center for the New South, Rabat, February 2022 - policycenter. ma 4. Astrasheuskaya, Nastassia (2021): Russia starts to sow seeds of ‘wheat diplomacy’. London: Financial Times , 2 September 2021 5. Azadi, Hossein et al (2021): Famine in the Horn of Africa: Understanding institutional arrangements in land tenure systems. Food Reviews International , pp. 1-17, 15 Mar 2021 3 European Counc il , Press release, 1 8 February 2022. 6. Brooke-Holland, Louisa (2022): Ukraine crisis and Africa. London: House of Commons Library, Research Briefing, 6 April 2022 7. Conley, Bridget & Alex de Waal (2020): The Purposes of starvation: Historical and contemporary uses, Journal of International Criminal Justice , vol. 17 (4), pp. 699–722 https://doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqz 054, 03 February 2020 8. Coughlan de Perez, E. & M. van Aalst & R. Choularton (2019): From rain to famine: assessing the utility of rainfall observations and seasonal forecasts to anticipate food insecurity in East Africa. Food security, vol. 11, pp. 57–68, 11 February 2019 9. Dry Bulk (2017): Breaking apart the UK-EU wheat relationship. originally published by Gro Intelligence in the Summer 2017 issue of Dry Bulk magazine . Gro Intelligence , 16 June 2017 10. Eden Foundation, Sweden, 1994:1: Desertification - a threat to the Sahel, August 1994 11. Grebmer, Klaus et al (2015): 2015 Global Hunger Index: Armed conflict and the challenge of hunger. Washington D.C.: International Food Policy Research Institute 12. Greenpeace European Unit (2022): Reduce EU meat factory farming to replace Ukraine’s wheat. Brussels: Greenpeace European Unit , 23 March 2022 13. Grotel, Ulrike et al, (2021): Food Security and the Dynamics of Wheat and Maize Value Chains in Africa and Asia. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems , 3 February 2021, pp. 1-17 14. Heidland, Tobias et al (2022): Cereal exports: Ukraine default hits African countries hard. Kiel: Institute for the World Economic, 11 March 2022 15. Heywood, Mark (2022): Ukraine crisis and Africa: The effects on oil, students and bread. London: BBC, 24 February 2022 16. Kammer, Alfred et al (2022): How war in Ukraine is reverberating across world’s regions. Washington: IMF, March 15, 2022 17. Kappel, Robert (2022): Russland und Afrika – der Überfall auf die Ukraine führt zur nächsten Großkrise. Weltneuvermessung , blog, 15 March 2022 18. Krishnamurthy, P.K. & R.J. Choularton, P Kareiva (2020): Dealing with uncertainty in famine predictions: How complex events affect food security early warning skill in the Greater Horn of Africa. Global Food Security , vol. 26, September 2020 19. Kohnert, Dirk (2022): The impact of Russian presence in Africa . MPRA paper, No. 112564 20. Leiva, Marina (2022): Which countries are most exposed to interruption in Ukraine food exports? , Investment Monitor , 2 March, 2022 21. Lu, Christina & Robbie Gramer & Anisa Pezeshki (2022): Forget Oil. Putin’s War Is Wrecking the © 2022 Global Journals Volume XXII Issue V Version I 13 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 F Will Putin’s Ukraine War Provoke Famine and Upheaval in Africa ?