Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

Cuba - 30 Years of Innovation and Socialist Goals Tran Anh Cong α , Tran Xuan Hiep σ & Nguyen Anh Hung ρ Abstract- This article studies Cuba's 30 years of innovation and socialist goals. After the Introduction and before the Conclusion, the primary content of the article is divided into three parts. The first part looks at the general situation of Cuba's reform process over the past 30 years (1993-2023). The second part identifies, analyzes and demonstrates typical factors that directly impact the pace of development and expansion of cooperation in Cuba. The third part reviews and evaluates Cuba's prospects, orientation and development potential. Keywords: cuba, factors, innovation, goals, politics. I. I ntroduction ver the past three decades, the process of socialist construction and reform in Cuba has had many positive changes. Both maintaining the core political ideological stance, and transitioning to a market economy; both focusing on national identity, and integrating and adapting quickly to international changes - have become fundamental trends and goals. This article researches, analyzes and evaluates the general situation of Cuba's reform process over the past 30 years (1993-2023), typical factors affecting Cuba and prospects, orientation, and room for development of Cuba. G eneral S ituation of C uba's I nnovation in the L ast 30 Y ears (1993-2023) Since the Cold War (after 1991), Cuba entered a period entire of disadvantages and difficulties when its ally the Soviet Union and the Eastern European socialist system collapsed. Cuba has wholly lost its close political partners, and its economy no longer has support from them (because before that, in Cuba's economy, the Soviet Union and socialist countries accounted for 80% of export turnover, providing 95% of gasoline, 57% of food, 51% of meat and most office tools, transportation, essential consumer goods (Thao, 2020)). To overcome this situation, since August 1993, leader Fidel Castro and the Cuban government have issued and implemented a series of crucial political adjustment and socio-economic reform measures: organization, rearranging the structure of the government apparatus; improving management in state agriculture; allowing expansion of individual occupations; healthy national finances; legalize the use of foreign currency among people. Regarding the legal foundation, the Constitution 1976 is still applied as the legal framework of the political system, still, there were edits and supplements in 1992 and 2002 to be compatible with new situations and trends. In the revision of the Constitution 1992, the most essential amendment was to affirm and prove that the Cuban State is a secular state and not an atheist state (recognizing and legitimizing symbols and organizations, related religious functions and activities); and, eliminate some restrictions on foreign investment and grant foreign corporations limited ownership rights in Cuba if they enter into joint ventures with the regime. In the 2002 revision, the most essential amendment was the increased assertion that the current social regime in Cuba is permanent and irrevocable. The 5th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba (Partido Comunista de Cuba - PCC), which took place in October 1997, is considered an important milestone that initiated many adjustments, reforms, innovations of the entire Cuban political system after that. The Congress Document affirms that the typical political goals and ideals in Cuba cannot be changed, but at each different historical moment, there must be appropriate paths and measures. The principles of democratic centralism, criticism and self-criticism are considered the leading factors ensuring that the Party is a tightly organized and energetic strategic advisory body (Thao, 2020). It is necessary to strengthen party discipline, and effectively fight against bureaucracy, and corruption in the Party and State. Priority must be given to developing a team of practical officers, young officers, female officers, officers of color and knowledge officers. The government apparatus needs to be restructured to limit administrative bloat, overlapping functions, and streamline staffing by 30-40% (redundant people receive 70% of salary until assigned to a new job position). The aspect of democracy and human rights must be emphasized, first of all the right to live, to be met and cared for in terms of food; grow up happily and healthily; to become a valuable, helpful person for society; enjoy equality, dignity and development. For economic development, it is necessary to thoroughly grasp four principles: (1) Only state directional targets, not specific targets; (2) Use domestic efforts primarily; (3) Focus on enhancing production and business O © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 1 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F Author α : Reporter, Translator at VTC News Online Newspaper, Ph.D Student in International Relations at Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam. e-mail: konganh1986@gmail.com Corresponding Author σ : Associate Professor, Ph.D in International Relations at Dong A University, Vietnam. e-mail: hieptx@donga.edu.vn Author ρ : Ph.D in Law at Vietnam Institute of American Studies (VIAS), Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam. e-mail: hungmikado@gmail.com II.