Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

2019. Yes. 6,148,876 Cuban voters (equivalent to 75.87% of Cubans eligible to vote) went to 23,468 polling stations to elect their highest representative. As a result, 5,565,640 votes (equivalent to 90.28% of the total votes) were valid, electing 470 National Assembly deputies (64% of which were new/first-time deputies) with an average age. 46 and 53% are female, 20% are young people under 35 years old and 95.5% have a university degree or higher. In his May-June 2023 speeches, President Diaz- Canel affirmed that Cuba's current socio-economic situation is still complicated and must overcome and deal with many difficulties and challenges caused by the severe consequences of the Covid-19 pandemic and the US embargo policy. To be able to develop economically, he believes that Cuba needs to promote a plan for macroeconomic and social stabilization, including anti-corruption policies (especially among government officials, the military, and food processing industry, civil aviation, telecommunications, nickel plating industry, cigar manufacturing); anti-inflation; reduce budget deficit; overcome the gap between wages and purchasing power; increase available foreign currency; promote domestic food production, gradually moving towards self-reliance on food security; restore the role of state-owned agricultural companies; focus on investing in food production with domestic and foreign capital, and implementing actions to ensure nutrition and national food sovereignty; restore tourism industry goals to and above pre-pandemic levels (in the first 5 months of 2023, Cuba welcomed 1,441,362 international visitors, an increase of 177% over the same period in 2022, and set the target welcoming 3.5 million international tourists this year 2023 (Vietnam News Agency, 2023)). III. F actors D irectly A ffecting C uba's S peed of D evelopment and expansion of C ooperation There are many factors that directly impact the speed of development and expansion of cooperation in Cuba, typically the following factors: a) Adjustment of the political policy of the Cuban Communist Party The adjustment of Cuba's political policy is comprehensive but cautious, step by step, not hasty, continuing tradition but updating and closely following reality. First, determining the national vision is always a permanent and core issue for the country's political adjustments. Through the 8th Congress (April 2021), the Communist Party of Cuba determined to continue Cuba's path to socialism, building a country with sovereignty, independence, socialism, democracy, prosperous and sustainable. To do this, there must be four strategic pillars and driving forces for development: (1) Building an effective State, creating vital changes in production and international integration; (2) Developing infrastructure, human resources, science, technology, and innovation; (3) Promote human development and social justice; and (4) Protect natural resources and the environment. Second, determined to build a socialist society, not move towards a communist society. In previous traditional socialist thought, “socialism” and “civilized communist society” were considered the two highest socio-economic forms of humanity, inseparable and inseparable. Successfully building socialism will lead to a transition to a communist society, building socialism to advance to a communist society. This view is increasingly unsupported by people who believe that a communist society [civilized] is a fantasy. The increasing viewpoint of abandoning the goal of moving towards communism in Cuba has prompted the official inclusion of this provision in the Constitution - the fundamental law, with the highest legal effect, regulating the main and crucial national issue. Supported by many people, the Communist Party of Cuba and the Constitutional Reform Committee [led by President Raul Castro] decided not to include the provision “moving towards a communist society” in Cuba's new Draft Constitution... But after many fierce debates about removing or still including this regulation at the 8th Central Conference of the Communist Party of Cuba in December 2018, most delegates still voted to maintain such a regulation, and the National Assembly The Assembly approved it and the new Constitution in April 2019. However, in reality, Cuba has abandoned the goal of “moving towards a communist society”. In recent years, “socialism” is still frequently encountered in social life, while the word “communist society” is rarely mentioned. Even at the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba in April 2021, there was no mention of “communism” and “moving towards a communist society”, while repeatedly affirming and emphasizing “socialism” and “the work of building a socialist society”. Third, affirm the sole and supreme leadership of the Communist Party of Cuba. In each country, if there is one-party politics, the ruling party will have a much easier time in existence, organization, and operation because it does not have to deal with, suffer losses from competing opposition parties such as in a multi-party country, at the same time the leadership of that ruling party will be more centralized (per the “principle of centralization” popular in socialist countries). Therefore, when Cuba built socialism, the old Constitution 1976 (with amendments in 1992 and 2002) of the Cuban State and the congresses and documents of the Communist Party of Cuba all clearly stipulated that the Party Communists are the sole and highest force leading the Cuban State and society. The new Constitution 2019 © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 4 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F Cuba - 30 Years of Innovation and Socialist Goals