Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

and the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba in 2021 continue to affirm and institutionalize this issue. Fourth, build and develop Cuban national socialist ideology. During the revolutionary struggle (1953-1962), the name, style, strategy and ideology of the late leader Jose Marti became the driving force and guideline of organizational tactics and revolutionary activities, under the command of Fidel Castro. Entering the period of socialist construction (1963-1991), Marxism-Leninism was widely spread and applied. Both of these ideologies (Marti and Marx-Lenin) are officially recognized by the Constitution, becoming the core political ideology of Cuba. In 2016, Fidel passed away, and nearly three years later, the new Constitution 2019 officially added his ideas to the Cuban national socialist ideology... Researchers also evaluate the form, value, and meaning attaching importance to building and developing Cuban national political ideology through the order of recognition in the Constitution. If in the Constitution 1976, Marxism-Leninism was recognized first, followed by Marti ideology, then by the time of amending the Constitution in 2002, Marti ideology was placed close to Marxism-Leninism. And in the Constitution 2019, the order, values, and meanings of the Cuban leaders' ideology are put first, respectively: Marti ideology (tradition, revolution, beginning) - Fidel ideology (revolution, practical, modern) - Marxism- Leninism (reference, selection, application). Fifth, rejuvenate the country's leadership team. Until the end of the first decade of the 21st century, Cuba was still led by veteran members who were over 75 years old at that time: Fidel Castro, Raul Castro, and other leaders of the revolutionary struggle (1953-1962). There is an urgent need to rejuvenate the national leadership team. Chairman Raul said that, besides victories, achievements, capacity, experience, opportunities..., health and age are also two essential factors of the leadership team, so since 2011, he has repeatedly proposed and proposed appropriate age levels for the Cuban national leadership: State leaders and members of the Party Central Committee must not be older than 60, Politburo members must not be more senior than 70 years old when taking office first position. This issue was considered and discussed during the 7th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba in April 2016 and implemented per the age-power logic sequence: transferring power from people holding high positions first, then lower positions; move state power first, then transfer party power (because the Communist Party is the political force, having power and leading the Cuban State; [but] state power is the nucleus of political power). In April 2018, Raul (87 years old) handed over the Chairmanship of the State Council to Diaz-Canel (58 years old), and in July 2018, Diaz-Canel appointed 5 Vice Presidents, including two new people in their 50s. Then, at the 8th Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, Raul resigned as First Secretary of the Party when he was nearly 90, and Diaz-Canel (61 years old) succeeded him. Many members of the Party Central Committee and members of the Politburo of Raul's time who were over the age of 75 also resigned during this period (such as former Second Secretary Jose Ramon Machado Ventura, who is 91 years old, and former Vice President Ramiro). Valdes Menendez - 89, former Minister of the Armed Forces Leopoldo Cintra Frias - 80...). Thus, the age of the current Cuban Party and State leaders has been signi cant rejuvenated, with the majority being in their 50s and 60s (compared to the previous leaders in their 80s and 90s). Sixth, encourage organizations and people to participate in political activities. Different from the period of revolutionary struggle (1953-1962) with very enthusiastic and vibrant participation in political activities combined with armed struggle of socio-political organizations and people, During the period of building socialism (1963-1991), the movement was much more “quiet”. The reason is that during this period of nearly three decades, Cuban socio-political organizations were only “task-performing agencies” for the Communist Party, subject to the natural, complete direction of the Party and many limitations in work, activities. People are also hesitant to participate in political organizations and activities because participation must have specific goals, be public, and be consistent with the Party's goals. At the same time, many human rights and civil rights are needed. Their political activities are not regulated, limited, or prohibited by the relevant legal system, especially the old Constitution 1976; violations will be strictly handled and suppressed by the government. From 1992 until now, especially in recent years, in implementing political policy adjustments, the Communist Party of Cuba has become more open by encouraging organizations and people to participate in political activities. For organizations that have been considered “mission-sharing agencies” with the Party, their status, role, equipment, and more rights and responsibilities have been enhanced (especially the Committee to Protect the Cuban Revolution (Comités de Defensa de la Revolución - CDR) and Cuban Communist Youth Union). For the people, the legal system and the new Constitution 2019 expand, strengthen, and protect more human rights and civil rights, and are organized and encouraged by the Party to participate in exciting and popular political activities such as meetings, rallies, demonstrations, elections, referendums... These political activities are increasingly making Cuban politics more vibrant, diverse, and practical, however their impact has two present and sometimes very difficult to predict and control (for example, the homosexual socio-political movement that broke out in 2017 has brought signi cant progress in terms of concept, democracy and human rights to Cuba in September 2017). In September 2022, the Cuban government issued a new Family Code, legalizing same- © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 5 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F Cuba - 30 Years of Innovation and Socialist Goals