Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

capitalist ownership, were considered illegal because it was believed that those two types of rights used the time and labor of others (when it comes to taking advantage of, taking advantage of, exploiting) to create income and assets for individuals, and at the same time this is also the basis and driving force for the formation and development of a capitalist society - contrary to the goal of building socialism in Cuba. However, due to the need to adapt and develop, many factors have arisen that push the Cuban legal system to soon recognize private ownership with all three types, for two primary reasons: (1) Before the 1959 revolution, Cuba was a relatively developed capitalist country, with all types of private ownership. When the revolution succeeded and entered the process of building socialism, despite the extensive and robust application of the prohibition of smallholder ownership and private capitalist ownership, the government only achieved the following results, as a result, in terms of form, because these two types of ownership have existed commonly before and contribute together with individual ownership to create the true nature of private ownership, they still implicitly exist; and (2) After the Cold War period, the Cuban economy, in addition to the two main economic components of the state economy/state-owned economy and the collective economy/cooperative economy, was formed. Developing two other economic sectors: joint venture/associated economy and private economy/self-employment economy. The benefits, efficiency and objective necessity have made Cuba accept and increasingly create conditions for these two new economic sectors, especially with critical nancial strategies and policies such as the National socio- economic plan until 2030 introduced by the Communist Party in 2011 or the Foreign Investment Law passed by the National Assembly in 2014... But the development of two new economic sectors (especially the private sector) will lack resources and face fundamental obstacles if private property rights are not fully recognized. This is an urgent need that is addressed in the provisions of the new Constitution issued in April 2019: officially recognizing the role of the free market and private property rights. Second, allowing citizens the right to hold multiple nationalities. “Nationality” is a legal-political relationship that is long-term, durable, highly stable in time, and not limited in space between a specific individual/natural person and a certain government/ state. Each individual can apply to renounce their current nationality with a legitimate need and reason or have their nationality revoked if they commit a serious crime related to honor, reputation, sovereignty, and national security. In addition, each individual can also apply for citizenship (naturalization) when they do not yet have citizenship; or use for two or more nationalities (multiple [national] citizenship) if relevant countries have regulations allowing this. Multinationality is increasingly widely used due to the growing need for integration and globalization and the many benefits it brings to both individuals/natural persons and the state/government. Previously, Cuba only allowed its citizens to have one nationality, Cuban nationality (specified in Article 32 of the old Constitution 1976). But this regulation conflicts with the growing demand of Cubans wanting to hold multiple nationalities and the government's efforts to call for investment from the Cuban diaspora community. Therefore, the new Constitution 2019 has formalized the regulation allowing holding multiple nationalities in Article 36: “Having another nationality does not mean losing Cuban nationality...”. Currently, Cuba is drafting new nationality laws in the spirit of this provision of the Constitution 2019, including guarantees and precautions against adverse effects that the multi-nationality mechanism may bring (for example, for Cubans who hold both Cuban and US citizenship). Third, legalize the right to same-sex marriage. Homosexuals (LGBT) are a significant segment of the population present in Cuban social life. Previously, they had a long period of discrimination from different strata of the population and extreme, unequal treatment by the government. However, by the mid-1970s, discrimination began to decrease gradually, homosexuals in Cuba became more sympathetic, and the government increasingly introduced active policies to help and support them: since 1979, homosexuality has been legalized; since 1993, homosexuals have been allowed to serve openly in the military; since 2008, the right to change gender has been recognized; since 2013, enforce anti-discrimination laws against homosexuals in labor and employment; from 2018 - in the provision of goods and services; from 2019 - in all other areas… With issues related to homosexuals, “same-sex marriage” has many impacts and receives the most attention from society. Article 36 of the Constitution 1976 clearly notes: “Marriage is a voluntary union between a man and a woman who are legally married to live together...” and thus, same-sex marriage is illegal. But along with the trend of the government becoming more sympathetic and supportive of homosexuals, since the end of 2017, there has been a prominent public campaign by homosexual groups demanding to amend the Constitution to allow same-sex marriage. In July 2018, the National Assembly for the first time passed the new Draft Constitution, in which Article 68 only stipulates that marriage is a family marriage “between two people”, without specifying their gender, and thus, indirectly legalized same-sex marriage. This issue is of interest and support to many people in Cuba's leadership team, including President Diaz-Canel. However, the regulation allowing same-sex marriage was removed by the National Assembly on December 18, 2018, right after more than 82% in a signi cant © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 7 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F Cuba - 30 Years of Innovation and Socialist Goals