Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

In this article, we will focus on citations known as secondary aphorizations or textual sequences detached from a source text. That is the case for quotes used in public speeches marked with quotation marks or introduced by a dicendi verb, but also for fragments of literary, narrative or poetic texts. Usually, secondary aphorizations, inserted in a new context, require from the recipient an interpretive effort (Maingueneau 2013:110). In other words, interpretation will depend on the ability of the recipient to mobilize sociocultural knowledge in order to frame the uttered citations in a particular pragmatic category. Therefore, it is crucial for us to identify the author. Ultimately, it is the one responsible for the moralizing or hermeneutic sentence. So, if we aim to fully comprehend the symbolic power conveyed by both the author and the quote by means of the aphorization, we must be able to frame it in a specific pragmatic category. That is the key to understanding the conveyed ethos and ideology. «En effet, qu’il s’agisse d’une aphorisation primaire ou d’une aphorisation secondaire, l’«aphoriseur» n’énonce pas pour un allocutaire déterminé par un genre de discours, mais pour un auditoire situé sur un autre plan, qui n’est pas susceptible d’intervenir dans l’énonciation. Cet aphoriseur assume l’ethos du locuteur qui prend de la hauteur, de l’individu autorisé, au contact d’une Source transcendante. Il est censé énoncer sa vérité, soustraite à la négociation, exprimer une conviction. En lui tendent à coïncider sujet d’énonciation et Sujet au sens juridique et moral: quelqu’un se pose en responsable, affirme des valeurs et des principes à la face du monde, s’adresse à une communauté par-delà les allocutaires empiriques qui sont ses destinataires, par- delà la diversité des genres de discours.» (Maingueneau 2013:109) In this regard, Maingueneau (2013:113) points out that the use of a citation implies the introduction into the text of a phrase with an indisputable character whose symbolic force we will understand when we pragmatically categorize it into one of the three groups the author proposes: interpretative, informative and testimonial. Given the nature of our sample, the quotes fall into the last two categories: informative and testimonial. In addition, the author makes a further distinction between these two categories, drawing a line between the current regime and the memorial regime (historical or wise), both of which are related to the encyclopedic knowledge required for their correct interpretation; the former being dependent on present-day socio- discursive conditions and the latter on a more or less distant collective memory. Thus, «[…] au cadrage informationnel est associé l’Expert 8 8 Expert = Expert; Existant = Existent; Personnage = Character; Sage = Sage. , au cadrage testimonial ce qu’on pourrait appeler un «Existant», au cadrage historique le «Personnage», au cadrage sapiential le «Sage».» (Maingueneau 2013:114) After identifying the authors and placing them in one of the three categories: existent, character, or sage, we will group the secondary aphorizations according to the characteristics previously identified while studying the biographies and the quotations. That will allow us to highlight the traces of ideology drawn and transmitted in the interventions delivered by the locutor. Regarding the language activity, the one aspect we would like to emphasize is the emotional factor. Emotions are a crucial aspect of the construction and transmission of knowledge. Individuals construct their knowledge through interaction with the environment. In other words, the mind consciously or unconsciously acquires knowledge through experimentation and experience. According to Culioli (1986:163), « Il n'y a pas de cognition sans représentation et pas d'activité symbolique sans opérations ,» since the cognitive is inseparable from the symbolic. The experiential nature of knowledge, and thus its affective or emotional nature, plays a crucial role in the appropriation of the text by the recipient. The activation of pathos through linguistic means, such as quotations, triggers complex emotions in the target audience, as these are related to the community's value system ( ethos ). Hence, the locutor, aware of its importance, will put them into play to emotionally involve the audience. In this sense, we argue that aphorizations present in political utterances may serve to achieve such an effect. The outcome of such activation can affect collective and individual identity, in the shaping of which linguistic ideology plays a central role, according to the thesis put forward by anthropologist and linguist Kroskrity (2005:501). According to him, the choice of linguistic means is an expression of ways of thinking about the world based on the ideals of a society that are achievable through social action. Because of this, we also want to consider whether the enunciators of the quotations are symbolic transmitters of determined emotions, either through the relevance of their historical figure or through their words. To take into account the above aspects, we will put into practice the three-part analytical model of the way emotions can be semiotized developed by Micheli (2010, 2013a, 2013b), namely: " émotion dite, émotion montrée, emotion étayée ." According to the author, the last one is the one that involves an argumentative dimension, derived from social and cultural conventions or the knowledge shared by a community. In the words of the author: « […] les énoncés qui disent l’émotion manifestent typiquement une relation prédicative entre, d’une part, une expression incorporant un terme d’émotion et, d’autre part, une autre expression désignant une entité humaine ou humanisable. Ils peuvent, de plus, contenir une troisième expression indiquant la cause ou l’objet de l’émotion. […] © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 18 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F The Discursive Construction of Republicanism through the Quotes of the President of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia after the 2017 Self-Determination Referendum. The Case of President Joaquim Torra I Pla