Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

they bestow when inserted into a contemporary context, for instance: (26) «Viuré, si em vaga encar de viure, supervivent d'un cant remot. Viuré amb la cella corrugada contra les ires, contra el llot. Viuré dreçant-me com un jutge, només mirant, sense dir mot, com la paret en el seu sòtol, com una pedra en el seu sot.» Josep Carner (tweet 23.01.2020) (27) «Amollo en la nit la veu amarga o la veu esperançada. I aprenc a dir que NO. Que ja no és temps de plorar ni de lamentar-se, ni tampoc el de cercar excuses fàcils. I aprenc a dir que NO.» Montserrat Abelló (tweet 24.01.2020) Josep Carner (26), a poet and diplomat of the Republic, uses an " émotion montrée ," determination, to semiotize a complex emotion, Dignity, through "a straight posture and a wrinkled brow." Historically, however, Carner gives the quote a symbolic charge. Carner remained loyal to the Republic's government and died in exile, defending his beliefs. Thus, the poem's determination is strengthened by what the author demonstrated in his life. Similarly, in the case of the quotation (27) from a poem by Montserrat Abelló, she presents an " émotion montrée ," sadness, with expressions such as "bitter voice, weeping or lamenting," while at the same time resorting to an " émotion étayée " through the construction "learning to say no." The author, as a historical character, has more symbolic weight. She fled to exile with her parents after 1939, where she worked as a poet, translator, and teacher (Chile). She carried out humanitarian aid activities for refugees (France and Great Britain) and returned to Catalonia in 1960, where she devoted herself to teaching in the Catalan language, facing the repression experienced by the Catalan language at the time. So, the locutor constructs a complex emotion: identity, using other emotions, Dignity, and perseverance; this being an " émotion étayée " because only those who know about the character quoted and her biography can perceive it. In short, we argue that ideology is contained either in the quotes themselves (reflections, opinions, or political doctrine) or in how the locutor uses them. President Joaquim Torra i Pla uses secondary aphorizations not only to convey a certain ethos and trigger a particular pathos but also for ideological purposes, namely to: • defend human rights from a Europeanist and universalist perspective; • demonstrate his commitment to achieving political objectives by resorting to nonviolence; • underline his belief that a Republic is the ideal form of government for Catalonia; • defend and protect the Catalan cultural and linguistic uniqueness as part of the community's identity. VI. C onclusion To sum up, quotations understood as textless sentences are used by the locutor as a linguistic means to express and convey a particular point of view on a given situation. To that end, the locutor activates an enunciator who is in some sense considered superior to the purpose pursued by the enunciative act. Consequently, the locutor represents one enunciator, whereas the author of the quoted text represents a second one. The POV conveyed by the citation becomes part of both enunciators. Occasionally, as mentioned, when using negative utterances, aphorizations involve a third enunciator who represents the opposite POV, which may be a sociocultural assumption. The sense of the text fragment that the locutor has recovered thus derives from its (re)interpretation in the new context. Aphorizing, however, has a certain implicit historical content and a symbolic charge (historical, cultural, and so on) that allows it to get re- evaluated since it creates continuity, from a historical- cultural perspective, in the community who receives it. Thus, aphorization is a polyphonic transtextual phenomenon capable of evoking a great deal of shared knowledge in a particular audience. This knowledge is rooted in a set of shared values and opinions. At the same time, it aims to evoke complex emotions resulting from the collective or subjective interpretation of it. The awareness of a shared background within a community leads the locutor to resort to aphorizations to trigger a specific set of thoughts and emotions that can move subjects to social action. Such a symbolic charge aims to reinforce the collective and individual ethos of the audience. A cknowledgments I am grateful to Dr. Aurelia W. Kaplan, Managing Editor of this Journal, for offering me the opportunity to share my research, as well as to Dr. Nellie K. Neblet and Dr. Stacey J. Newman for assisting me in the process of editing the paper. Special thanks to my Ph.D supervisors, Dr. Antónia Coutinho and Dr. Matilde Gonçalves from FCSH - Universidade Nova de Lisboa, for their guidance in my thesis. I also extend my gratitude to the suggestions and comments to improve my research I received from Dr. Maria Aldina Marques, Dr. Rosalice Pinto, Dr. Helena Valentim, and Dr. Verónica Manole during the defense of my doctoral thesis. A bbreviations JEC Junta Electoral Central (Electoral Board) POV Point Of View UCE Universitat Catalana d’Estiu (Catalan Summer University) © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 25 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F The Discursive Construction of Republicanism through the Quotes of the President of the Autonomous Government of Catalonia after the 2017 Self-Determination Referendum. The Case of President Joaquim Torra I Pla