Global Journal of Human Social Science, F: Political Science, Volume 23 Issue 6

under the aegis of the BRD. The financial resources (local donations and donations from the diaspora) are directed toward socially-oriented projects in Moldova in a ratio of 1:3 (each 1 MDL donated by the diaspora is supplemented by 3 MDL coming in from international donors/ the government/ local authorities). Thus migrants, using collective monetary transfers to support the local development of their country of origin, are becoming key non-governmental subjects to offering goods and services. Currently, as part of the “DAR” program there are 30 projects being implemented in 41 localities of the Republic of Moldova, these are aimed at arranging recreation areas and sports grounds; repairing public buildings and roads; setting up and reconstructing water supply and electric power systems, and others. The total cost of the projects is 37.4 million MDL in accordance to the 1+3 formula, of which 4.1 million MDL were brought in by the diaspora, and 9.9 million came from the government (Guvernul, 2023b). Despite the implementation of the various programs involving the diaspora, our sociological survey shows a low level of Moldovan migrants' awareness of Moldovan state initiatives that concern Moldovan citizens abroad. Only 12% of the respondents residing in European Union countries stated that they were aware of these initiatives. However, when asked of which Moldovan government initiatives they were aware of, even those that gave a positive reply were unable to name any specific initiatives. The partnership between the state and the diaspora is realized through such mechanisms of participation as Disapora congresses (taking place bi- yearly since 2014), Business-forms (bi-yearly since 2014), Diaspora investment forums (since 2014). Such events allow the diaspora to interact with the Moldovan government, and to launch new initiatives and projects for those that work both in the country and abroad. It should be noted that in spite of their confidence in their own abilities, Moldovan migrants abroad are expecting the Moldovan government to provide them with support. First of all, they expect informational support: on the availability of workplaces in Moldova (45%); on the changes of the social protection situation in Moldova (44%); on the possibilities of return to Moldova (32%). The collected data indirectly speaks of the attitudes of Moldovan migrants regarding their return home. As such, one of the main priorities of state policy in the field of diaspora, migration and development must be the establishment of conditions for the implementation of the return migration mechanism. However, as the survey shows, approximately half of the migrants (47%) have no wish to return to Moldova. The reasons for this are the socio-economic and political instability in the country, the high level of corruption, the uncertainty of tomorrow (47.7%); a stable future in the host country (27%); familial reasons (“my family is here”; “I have no one left in Moldova”) (8.9%). Currently Moldova cannot provide a stable socio-economic development, but the authorities can provide political stability and an unchanging course toward the country's modernization, which will reduce the pace of migration. The state must employ various means in order to motivate migrants to invest in the country of origin. Furthermore, the knowledge-intensive industries should be developed, especially the field of Informational Technologies. The diaspora can be attracted to stimulate export from the Republic of Moldova. Taking into account the migrants' rhetoric such as “we will return when conditions will be created”, the Diaspora Relations Bureau, in tandem with other state institutions, encourages the diaspora to also participate in the creation of beneficial conditions for the return, and communicates to those that wish to contribute to the changes in their homeland. It is necessary to make more active use of the accumulated positive experiences, to spread the best practices in the activity of the diaspora, of Moldovan businessmen that invest their financial capital into their home country's development. The political, economic, and social changes that have taken place in the region and internationally, as well as the necessity to actualize the goals and actions listed in the National strategy “Diaspora-2025”, with consideration for challenges and achievements, conditioned the development of the Program for 2024- 2027, for the implementation of the Strategy. Taking into account the national experience of interaction with the diaspora, the international standards and best practices in this field, the goal of the Program is defined as attracting the diaspora toward the sustainable development of the Republic of Moldova. Firstly this is to be done through the diversification of the levels and channels of attraction to the development processes on the central and local levels. Secondly, this is to be done by providing support and assistance to the associations of Moldovan diaspora abroad. The realization of these goals will contribute to the strengthening of interactions between the state, the central and local public authorities, the civil society, and the diaspora with the ultimate goal of sustainable development of the Republic of Moldova. V. C ONCLUSION This article reviews the main directions and mechanisms of transformation of Moldovan communities into the Moldovan diaspora, in the European Union. It analyzed the participation of Moldovan migrants in the political and socio-economic © 2023 Global Journals Volume XXIII Issue VI Version I 50 Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 ( ) F The Transformation of Moldovan Migrant Communities into the Moldovan Diaspora in the European Union: The Main Directions and Mechanisms