Global Journal of Human Social Science, G: Linguistics and Education, Volume 21 Issue 4

crystallizing a kairos 2 within the discursive chrono s 3 If the understanding of a chrononomic lexicon accommodates itself to a purely synchronou s , that is, they mark a unique moment in the time when this statement occurred. Goethe saw this temporality as a real entity endowed with concrete historical significance. In this way, this Chrononymy study focuses on examining the designative and descriptive names of temporal phenomena, and aims to unveil the initial motivation of a given chrononym as well as the moment and circumstances in which the primeval semantic layer was broken, redirecting a new flow of meaning for new ramifications of meanings, or its “semantic emptying” as called by Carvalhinhos (2007). That is, at what point or border strip does the name change from descriptive to just designative, and why do chrononyms have the name they have? When the primary meaning of a name that describes a temporal phenomenon becomes a fossilized chrononym, it takes on a new meaning that, very often, buries, obliterates, or even falsifies descriptive elements enveloped in its etymology. 4 II. T ime and I ts F ingerprints sphere, without discerning the attributes embedded in that name from its etymology and semantic path, its semasiological and referential sphere is minimized. That is, the pontifical material that paves the gap between the sign and the referent is drastically reduced. For example, from the chronological lexicon year , one can mechanically target only one number (2018, for example), without, however, rescuing the encyclopedic, philosophical and scientific knowledge that surrounds this term. Humanity marks time, groups it chronologically and names it. Society always tells its stories linked to the variants of “once upon a time”. Analogies and metaphors of time are frequently associated with paths. For this reason, present (from lat. Praesens and praeesse - at hand, immediately, just ahead), past (from lat. Passus, praeteritus - leave behind or already covered) and future (lat. Futurus - everything that is still 2 Kairos (καιροσ) is a fleeting time when an opportunity presents itself and must be faced with strength and dexterity for success to be achieved (WHITE, 1987, p. 13). 3 Chronos (Κρόνος) is the chronological, or measurable sequential time that is associated with the linear movement of earthly things (WHITE, 1987, p. 13). 4 The linguistic Ferdinand Saussure’s concept of synchrony refers to the study of language from the perspective of a specific moment. He postulated that the speaker’s only linguistic reality was language at work. He postulated that the speaker's only linguistic reality was the working language. This is in opposition to the concept of Diachrony, common at his time, which addressed the study of language considering the passage of time, its etymology and semantic evolution. ahead) signify a metaphorically spatial demarcation. However, time also narrates its version of the facts, and imposes its presence, wedging an indelible mark on whose repetitive basis, clocks and counters of their cycles are invented. Although repetitive cycles have been relevant to the functionality of clocks, they are not their only operational method. The law of entropy reveals that continuous processes towards states of gradual disorganization and loss of energy are the inexorable vector of all things, including time. Aristotle certainly derives his conception of time, as a uniform reality endowed with movement, from the Platonic postulate that considers time the “moving image of eternity” (BRAGUE, 1982, p. 15), when he says: He resolved to make a moving image of Eternity, and as He set in order the heaven He made this eternal image having a motion according to number, while Eternity rested in unity; and this is what we call Time (PLATO, 1950, p. 37). Agreeing with Reis's postulate (1996, p. 143) that “there is only time where and when there is movement because before and after already presuppose it, Puente (2014) presents the idea of the impossibility of tautochrony of instants because they are as points on the dashed line of a straight line: Indeed, if it (the present moment) is each time different, and in no way distinct parts from each other can be simultaneous in time [...] then, neither are the present moments simultaneous with each other. [...] it is impossible for the present moments to be contiguous in relation to each other, as it is also impossible for one point to be contiguous in relation to the other point (PUENTE, 2014, p. 24, 25 ) 5 Likewise, reading the remaining amount of Carbon-14 and the 9,192,631,770 radioactive . It follows that, as the wheel of a car rotates cyclically around its axis while moving the vehicle in a spatial displacement, the time cyclic is also straight. There are many aspects that associate movement with time. For example, when you see the full moon shining in the sky, you actually see what it was 1.2 seconds ago. This is because there is a time that has elapsed in the path from the time the light was emitted until it was observed. This implies that if the sun, which is 149,600,000 kilometers from Earth, supposedly went out at this moment, its brightness would continue to be seen for another eight minutes. Given the astronomical distances, when looking at Alpha Centauri now, you can see its past, that is, what this star system was 4,367 years ago. 5 Author translation. Com efeito, se ele (o agora) é a cada vez diverso e de modo algum partes distintas entre si podem ser simultâneas no tempo [...] então, tampouco os agoras serão simultâneos entre si. [...] é impossível que os agoras sejam contíguos uns em relação aos outros, como também é impossível que um ponto o seja em relação ao outro ponto (PUENTE, 2014, p. 24, 25). © 2021 Global Journals Volume XXI Issue IV Version I 24 ( G ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2021 Chrononyms and the Time Identity