Global Journal of Human Social Science, G: Linguistics and Education, Volume 21 Issue 4

oscillations of the Cesium-133 atom pulsating in one second can be described as clocks. Also, a bucket, containing six liters of water, has been placed empty under a tap that leaks 60 drops of 0.05 ml every minute, indicates that, if there was no change in flow or volume in this drip, a period of three hours elapsed since the first moment the bucket was placed there. Gray hair and wrinkles in aging are cyclical indications of the straightness of time. The number of circles and rings that exist on the trunk of a tree date its age. The measurements of energy loss, and the unique radioactive signals left in nature, such as the radio halos produced by the glowing decomposition of Polonium- 218 are vestiges of the passage of time. It is postulated here that Chrononyms are also an identity sign, or even monuments erected in time, which show the onomasiological motivations of each etymology, addendum, alteration or semantic neologism carried out in the circumscription of different diachronic paradigms of society, culture, political power, or physics during the process of the name fossilization of each temporal greatness, which is perceived as reality. In this way, Chrononyms also leave continuous marks like fingerprints, which allow inferring the basic referential identity of each named chronological measure. Therefore, in line with Virgil, in Georgica p. 2.490, who says “happy is the one who comes to know the causes of things”, - Felix qui potuit rerum cognoscere causes - from now on, etymologies of chrononyms will be presented, with the purpose of searching for secrets of the language buried by time, because, according to Pereira (2018), “a word, dug into its fossil records, can unfold into magnificent images for the understanding of the history of thought and the arts”. For the Online Etymology Dictionary, “etymologies are not definitions; they are explanations of what our words had meant 600 or 2000 years ago”. However, the etymologies presented here will not be a limiting factor. In some analyzes, semantic references, history, astronomy, and discussions of social paradigms and imagery relevant to chrononyms will be addressed. III. C alendar: A stral T racking The calendar, according to Ferreira (2001), is the measurement system that, based on astronomical phenomena or on a set of specific rules, divides time into days, weeks, months and years. The word calendar comes from the Latin calendarium, and referred to the Roman accounting books. Calendarium comes from calendars, which referred to the first day of the Roman month, when debts were collected. The root PIE 6 Unlike the solar, the Hebrew calendar is dated from creation as being 3760 years and 3 months b.C. It is a lunisolar year and consists of 12 or 13 luna r (proto-European) * kel-4, fossilized in the words cry, declare, proclaim, among others, composes the word calare, cognata of calendars and means to shout, to announce, because those who came to collect the bills acted. According to the Encyclopaedia Britannica (1911), in Rome, the collegiate of priests was responsible for the promulgation of the calendar, establishing holidays, election dates, etc. This gave them a power that soon became abusive in the sense of serving political purposes, such as prolonging the term of office of a magistrate, or postponing the annual election. To put an end to this priestly binge, Caesar summoned the assistance of astronomer Sosigenes of Alexandria, who set the count of the year extension to 365 ¼ days and the fourth year to 366 days. During the Republic, the beginning of the year coincided with the tenure of new magistrates and the current year was named with the name of the elected consul. The Romans counted the years from the founding of Rome, for example, 1 ad. U.C. (1 ab - Urbe Condita - 1 year after the founding of Rome) that is, 753 B.C., and the month, from the new moon. The first month of the year was March, as perceived by the names September (7) October (8), November (9), December (10). But in the establishment of the Julian calendar, in 46 BC, or 708 ad. U.C., started on January 1st, when the equinox fell on March 25th. In that calendar, the regulation of intercalation every four years of an extra day in February was misunderstood by the priests, alternating it every three years, i/o four. August, after being informed about the mistake, tried to repair it, however, the astronomical extent of the year had not been well determined. The non-computed 11 minutes and 14 seconds of each year took the equinox of the year 1582 to March 11, therefore, a discrepancy of one day in every 128 years. In order to bring the equinox to its first place, Pope Gregory XIII ordered that 10 days should be deducted from the calculation in October 1582. From then on, the Gregorian calendar was introduced, which had a new interleaving system. 7 6 PIE - Proto-European. According with Auroux (2000), PIE is hypothetically a common ancestral language of Indo-European languages. Like Albanian, Anatolian, Armenian, Baltic, Celtic, Dacian, Germanic, Greek, Illyric, Indo-Iranian, Italic, Phrygian, Slavic, Thracian, Tocarian. The term was coined by Thomas Young, a British physician and Egyptologist in 1813. Franz Bopp's comparative grammar made these studies an academic discipline. 7 Lunation is assumed to be 29 days, 12 hours, 44 minutes and 3 1/2 seconds. months with 29 or 30 days, which results in an ordinary year of Volume XXI Issue IV Version I 25 ( G ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - © 2021 Global Journals Year 2021 Chrononyms and the Time Identity