Global Journal of Human Social Science, G: Linguistics and Education, Volume 21 Issue 4

354 days and an embolisti c 8 In Assyria (cf. Packer, 1995), for example, the Limmu or eponymous name was used, which was the granting of the name of the officer in charge for the year of his regency. Lists were produced with the sequence of these names, where events that occurred during that period were also recorded. Thus, with the information that on June 15, 763 B.C., there was an eclipse of the sun that is recorded in the eponym of Bur-Sagale year of 384 days, occurring in each 19-year cycle. The Muslim calendar, on the other hand, is dated from the 1st day of the month preceding the flight from Muhammad from Mecca to Medina - (Al Madinah Al Munawwarah ) - that is July 15, 622 AD, the years of Hegira are lunar and have 12 lunar months and begin with the new moon. With regard to the calculation of dates and counting of time in ancient history, modern scholars use sources such as the Canon of Ptolemy, Babylonian tablets and Egyptian papyri. It is observed that, impressively, the methods of recording the time used by these primitive peoples had almost no errors. 9 IV. C hrononyms and the I dentity of T ime , it was possible to correlate dates with our modern calendar from 911 B.C. to 648 B.C. Also, lists with names of kings, as well as the synchronization of the reports of events of other peoples with whom they related, shed light on Assyrian history since 2000 BC (cf. Silva, 2008). In the second century BC, the Egyptians recognized the 24-hour period, each with 60 minutes as the duration of a day, but it was the Babylonians who, long ago, when observing the movements of the stars accurately, developed a very accurate calendar with a year of 360 days divided into 12 months of 30 days each. According to Piettre (1997): This division, having the number 12 as a base, had its origin in Babylon. The Babylonians understood the year to be composed of 360 days, counted in 12 months of 30 days and, every 6 years, they added a month to resume the path of the sun (PIETTRE, 1997, p. 18). In the onomasiological process of chrononymy, or way of naming time, the intention of describing the kinetic-astral, space-environmental, religious and, or metaphorical conception of the nominator is revealed in his quest to grant an identity to it, according to nominator’s conceptions and uses of power. That 8 That was added days to coincide with the solar calendar. 9 The phrase used - shamash ("the sun") akallu ("obscured") - has been interpreted as a reference to a solar eclipse since the first decipherment of the cuneiform in the mid-19th century. The name Bur- Sagale (also translated as Bur-Saggile, Pur-Sagale or Par-Sagale) is the name of the limmu official in the eponymous year. https://books. google.com.br/books?id=L5dTAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA660&redir_esc=y# v=onepage&q&f=true. intention can be unveiled by studying the naming terms of time as we intend to see below. Given the limitations of this article, a brief analysis of chrononyms related to the shortest times, which are subdivided in the sphere of the second, minute, hour, day, month and year (1 - 7), will be presented. 1. Second The word second comes from the Latin secundus-a-um , and is an archaic participle of sequor and sequi , which meant to follow. When a minute was divided into 60 parts, each of these parts was given the name pars minuta secunda , that is, the second part was reduced, as this followed the first. In Latin, who follows is the smallest. 2. Minute The word minute comes from the Latin minutus which is the perfect participle of the verb minuere composed with the root PIE * mei-2 (small) and meant reduced, diminished, small, insignificant, shrunk, very brief. As seen earlier, in dividing the hour by 60 parts, each of these parts was called pars minuta prima , that is, the first minute part. In both cases, there is a dimensional description of the time resulting from a division carried out in the second century b.C. by the Egyptians when they recognized the 24-hour period, each 60 minutes long, as being the length of a day. Another aspect unfolded in this chrononym is the mystical aspect of the sexagenal in Babylonian religiosity. Sixty was the number of Anu or Marduk, their very high divinity in the course of their history. 3. Hour The Babylonians had used, as previously seen, a duodecimal (12) and sexagenal (60) number system. Given their need for smaller fractions of the day, they used the shadow path of a stake produced by the sun and fragmented it into 12 parts, also reproducing them for the night. So they divided the day into 24 parts (12x2), and each part in 60. Source: https://www.quora.com/Where-does-the-word-hour- come-from Figure 1: Sundial The word hour is found in the Greek in the form of Ὧραι − horai, and was used to designate any time limitations within a year, such as seasons. He is a descendant of the PIE * yor-a, which in English, composed the word year. St. Isidore of Seville (560-636) presents a pun of words surrounded by the sound resemblance between Ω ρα in Greek and hour in Latin. © 2021 Global Journals Volume XXI Issue IV Version I 26 ( G ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2021 Chrononyms and the Time Identity