Global Journal of Human Social Science, G: Linguistics and Education, Volume 21 Issue 4

Although both come from different PIE roots, they are an illustration of a common aspect in the time reference, as follows: Hour is a Greek name, yet it seems Latin. Hour is in fact, a time limit, just as the edge is a limit of the sea, the rivers and the clothes 10 4. Day . Greek astronomers supposedly appropriated the concept of dividing the day into 12 parts from the Babylonians and called it a time limiting piece. Day derives from the Latin word dies which uses the root PIE * dei meaning to shine, and * dyeu, when there is light. In Sanskrit dy ā uh means luminous sky. In reality, only the etymology of this term already makes an obvious allusion to the clear period in a given hemisphere of the planet, however, day can be applied to mean what is transitory, as inferred from the Greek word hemera ( ήμέρα ), which has originated the word ephemeral (ephémeros - ἐφήμερα , that is, ε π ι − to , and c μερα − day) or what lasts only one day. This word is used to name the insects known as ephemeris of Ephemeroptera 11 Meaning originally, in English, "the daylight hours;" expanded to mean "the 24-hour period" in late Anglo-Saxon times. The day formerly began at sunset, hence Old English Wodnesniht was what we would call "Tuesday night." order, (ephemero - which lasts a day, and pterón - feather or wing), as the dayfly, because these adult insects live only one day. In order to avoid ambiguity of the term, there is the use of nychthemeron ( νυχθμερον ) - in the sense of 24 hours. Other languages also use different words for the day, as a clear part, or as a 24-hour period, including Polish, Russian, Hebrew, Swedish, Dutch. The day is measured by the Earth rotation, which rotates around its own imaginary axis, causing any point on the planet to be led east, from sunlight to darkness, with a rotation of the hemispheres in the reception of light and darkness. Some ancient peoples like the Babylonians and the Hebrews began to count the day from the sunset. With regard to this semantic aspect of the word day, The Online Etymology Dictionary says that: 12 10 Hora graecum est nomen, et tamen latinum sonat. Hora enim finis est temporis, sicut et orae sunt fines maris, fluuiorum, et vestimentorum. Opera Omnia, tomus III- Etymologiarium - Book 10 prioris, vol. 3 chapter 29 - De momentis, et horis. p. 218. Available at: https://play.google.com/books/reader?id= S8skJ9Z46mEC&printsec=frontcover&output=reader&hl=pt_ BR&pg=GBS.PR3. 11 (HYATT & ARMS, 1891). 12 Available at: https://www.etymonline.com/word/day access in jul. 23, 2018. Other peoples, like the Egyptians, counted it from dawn. The custom of considering midnight as the border between day and night comes from the Romans. In this perspective, today , from the Latin word hodie , comes from hoc die, that is, this day. a) Wee hours (Small hours before dawn) Ferreira (2001) calls wee hours ( madrugada in Portuguese), as the period between midnight and dawn. The Collins English Dictionary (2000) defines this term as "the early hours of the morning, after midnight and before dawn”. This word is synonymous with dawn - (prima lux) - and probably comes from the Latin verb maturare, which, in addition to having a sense of rushing, also means to mature, or to become mature (maturus), also forming the word morning . It follows from this the establishment of a metaphorical idea in the denomination at dawn as the stage in which the day matures. b) Dawn/aurora Dawn ( alba in Italian, albe in French, amanecer in Spanish, alvorecer in Portuguese) comes from the Latin word albor , which means whiteness, and albus - white, and designates, according to Ferreira (2001) the morning twilight, that is, the period in which a gloom, half-light or undecided light precedes the sunrise. The English word Dawn (dawn) comes from dagung in Old English and from PIE * agh - one day and also brings the sense of increasing light or becoming day. c) Morning Morning, the start time of the day, comes from Maneana, Mane, manus (good), maturus (mature) and Matuta (morning goddess), Latin words derived from PIE * meh-2, whose root is related to the idea of maturing , sparkle, or shine, and also gave rise to the Anglo-Saxon word Morgan, which became morning in English. In this way, it is possible to understand morning as the period of the day when the sparkling glow is ripe. The word amanhã in Portuguese (tomorrow) comes from the Latin construction ad maneana, as the starting time of the day, of course, meaning next day. It was not possible to find the PIE root of the word tomorrow , although it seems to have etymological relationship with the Old English word morgen, upward root of morning , after accommodating itself as Morrow. So as it is employed in to -day, to-morrow start to refer the next morning, i/e, tomorrow. d) Afternoon/Eve The Portuguese word tarde is derived from its Latin counterpart ( tarde ), which in turn comes from tardus to designate what is slow, time consuming. Hence the verb tardar (delay - slow) to refer to what happens at a later time, an inherent idea of delaying, late, etc. The reason for evening (lat. Vespertinus) being the adjective related to the afternoon is because, in Greek mythology Hesperides ( Εσ π εροσ ) was a deity Volume XXI Issue IV Version I 27 ( G ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - © 2021 Global Journals Year 2021 Chrononyms and the Time Identity