Global Journal of Human Social Science, G: Linguistics and Education, Volume 23 Issue 3

analysis (Swales, 1990), has been applied in a number of studies to identify the rhetorical organization of particular texts. Generally, “move” in a genre serves a particular purpose in society and is composed of a series of segments. Some of the moves in a genre are obligatory, in that they are necessary to achieve the communicative purpose of the genre, whereas others are optional. In Hasan (1989)’s study, optional moves refer to what speakers or writers may choose to employ if they decide those moves add to the effectiveness of the communication but do not alter the purpose of the text. Each of these moves has its own purpose and contributes to the realization of the overall communicative purpose of the genre. Researchers posit different meanings for the move ( Adel, 2015 ). Santos (1996) mentions that a move is regarded as a stage in a particular genre with a specific communicative purpose which in turn serves certain communicative purposes of that particular genre. Similarly, Bhatia (2001) describes moves as rhetorical instruments that realize a subset of specific communicative purposes associated with a genre. More specifically, Yang & Allison (2003) define move and step as a function of a specific segment of the texts on a general level, while steps are very specific rhetorical means used to manifest and realize the move functions. Swales (2004) gives the definition from a social perspective, it is socially recognized and highly structured, referring to a communicative discoursal event or activity which fulfills a particular communicative or social function in a certain community or in spoken or written discourse. Identifying moves and steps has usually been performed by English for Specific Purpose (ESP) researchers through close readings of content with the help of linguistic keys, normally, researchers refer to the move framework to identify and decipher the moves in a certain domain. Additionally, the results of move analyses have been successfully used for developing teaching and learning materials (Stoller & Robinson, 2013). Knowledge about the function of each move and the structural pattern of the whole text will allow for a greater understanding of a specific genre ( Maswana S et al, 2015 ). b) Previous Study of RA’s Conclusion Section Ample research has been done on the analysis of the different sections of an English research article by using the move analysis models. The conclusion section in previous studies is usually regarded as part of the research discussion in academic papers (Bunton, 2005). In this regard, unlike other sections, to date, few models and empirical studies have been proposed for the conclusion sections ( Adel et al, 2015 ). Posteguillo (1999) analyzed thirty-four conclusions from research articles in the field of computer science. He identified eight moves, which are “background information”, “statement of results”, “(un)expected outcome”, “reference to previous research”, “explanation”, “exemplification”, “deduction and hypothesis” and “recommendation for further research”. The result shows that the cyclical patterns of the conclusion section appear in his research, then, he compared his model with Yang & Allison’s, showing that his model contains more moves than Yang’s model. Utilizing Yang and Allison's (2003) model, Amnuai and Wannaruk (2011) compared the rhetorical organization of English RA conclusion sections published in Thai journals with those articles published in international journals. The result reveals that the most frequent move in both sets of data was Move 1 (Summarizing the study), and the frequency of Move 2 (Evaluating the study) and Move 3 (Deductions from the research) in the international corpus was higher than that in the Thai corpus. Bunton's (2005) proposed a model for the conclusions Chapter of Ph.D. dissertations, namely, introductory restatement, consolidation of research space, practical implications and recommendations, future research, and concluding restatement, out of which the first two are found to be obligatory. Having combined the Models of Yang and Allison (2003) and Bunton (2005), Aslam and Mehmood (2014) explored the Moves of 50 conclusion sections of research articles in Social Sciences and Natural Sciences. Their research identifies the differences in RA’s conclusion sections across various disciplines in terms of Moves and Steps. In the discipline of law, Tessuto (2015) built up a corpus with ninety law research articles published from 2010 to 2012 in three international journals. His study indicated that even though the conclusion part has a high frequency as an independent part, it is still merged with other parts in some research articles. Besides, the three moves of the conclusion part of research articles in the field of empirical law he identified are the same as Yang & Allison (2003)’s model, with slightly different Steps in Move 2 and Move 3.The above models and empirical studies pave the way for the study of the conclusion section of RA. c) Move Models for Current Study Notable work for the conclusion part was carried out by Yang and Alison (2003). They distinguished the discussion section and conclusion section at the very beginning of their research. Then, they analyzed 20 conclusions from applied linguistics articles and reported the observed moves and steps. It is found that most of the move of the conclusion section possesses a linear structure. Their research has great significance and can be the authorities’ reference in the conclusion section. The following are the specific Move and Step of Yang & Allison’s model: Volume XXIII Issue III Version I 16 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2023 G © 2023 Global Journals Move Analysis of Conclusion Section of Aerospace Research Article