Global Journal of Human Social Science, H: Interdisciplinary, Volume 22 Issue 7

elements of fetishism left over from those times. Even today, the above-mentioned elements are preserved as a tradition in the headdresses of Khorezm classical dance dancers. These are the recent reflections of the religious and religious views that arose in ancient Khorezm. In general, the observance of these rituals has one basis, the purpose of which is to protect those who follow it from the harm of "evil eyes" and evil spirits. According to the Russian ethnographer G.P. Snesarev, who was in Khorezm in the thirties of the last century, there was a special place in the front of the ships sailing in the Amudarya, where a doll with long hair was placed - a symbol of the god. According to the beliefs of that time, this place of the ship was considered holy. According to researchers, this form of the goddess was a symbol of Anahita, the goddess of fertility [7]. Elements of fetishism can be observed among the finds in the ruins of Tuproqkala, the ancient capital of the Khorezm Shahs, discovered by the Khorezm archaeological and ethnographic expedition. For example, in the remains of the hall of victories in the Tuproqkala Palace, there are statues of dates and goddesses on the wall shelves. Each statue performed a specific protector function. Similar statues and symbols can be found in other regions of the Aral Sea and Central Asia. In the territory of Uzbekistan, in ancient times, stone-shaped dolls were used, which were believed to house the souls of the deceased. Even by the middle of the 20th century, the inhabitants of the Lower Amudarya region placed gender-matched dolls on the graves of men and women. In addition, there are items indicating the age, occupation, and condition of the deceased at the time of their death. For example, a cane of the deceased is placed in the case of an old woman, a doll is placed in the case of a young girl, an oil lamp is placed on the grave of a childless deceased, and the kings of various animals are placed on the grave of a martyred deceased. Each of these had its own reasons [8]. Themes of fetishism were also used in the form of amulets, in addition to various idols. According to myths, all kinds of amulets are considered to protect against various disasters, future calamities, genders, and evil eyes. They are made with special symbols for different age groups. Eyeglasses were believed to protect young children from the "evil" eye (callus, a pinch of salt, a piece of bread, hot pepper, onion) and various disasters. Magic is closely connected with the concept of talisman and turned into a spell ceremony. Religious traditions consisted of appealing to supernatural forces with the help of magic to achieve a desired goal. The spell was mainly used to ask for "help" from the spirits of the deceased and totem ancestors (avliya-pir-mazorot). According to Abu Rayhan Beruni, "attempts to determine some events are futile, they are referred to the science of the unseen, revelation, and science of astrology. He believes that it is a necessary thing for Khorezm people to perform work to ward off the harm of demons and ghosts [9]. In our country, soothsayers are referred to by the terms bakshi, parikhan (porkhan) and soothsayer: bakhshi, as a poet-singer, healed the sick, predicted the future with the help of parikhan (porkhan), and the soothsayer convinced people that he foresaw fate. In particular, patients were accused of being possessed by a demon. This process was carried out using a black or red chicken. Chickens of this color were selected based on the diagnosis of the patient's disease. The patient was beaten with a chicken. At the end of the ceremony, the dead chicken was considered to have taken the patient's pain. “In the second half of the millennium BC, it is also known that they used circle and stringed musical instruments from a stone statue found in Central Asia with a stringed musical instrument in the hand and a percussion instrument on the shoulder” [1, 3]. At the beginning of the 20th century, the damage of a person who fell into the clutches of evil spirits or harmful spirits was “expelled”. After that, the healer came, “rested” and recited a spell and released suq. Fortune-tellers, with a rosary or a book in their hands, invited the Qalandars or Eshans who were considered their patrons [6]. In Central Asia, there are cases of connecting witchcraft with Qalandars. They wore long hats, chanted with canes in their hands, and played cedar until they forgot themselves. In the 20th century, the women of Khorezm used to perform ceremonies of falling cedar. During the ceremony, the young man, whose husband died, was lifted from both sides and hit the ground, and as a result, the young widow’s heart stopped. "Sadr falling", or rather sadr, is to put the heart of a mourning woman in its sheath. The word “Sadr’ means “heart” in Arabic. That's why this ceremony is also called the “heart-making” ceremony [9]. Enchanting an object is important in the execution of a spell. For example, when Zarathustra asks Ahuramazda for a cure for a spell, he receives the following answer: Wide-winged Varahn The feather of a bird - Pee with him From the spell of the enemy You will be completely free. The use of bird feathers (gajak) as amulets against evil has been preserved to this day. Even today, it is believed that ukki, pheasant, and duck feathers placed in people's markabs (cars) protect against the evil eye and breath, as well as witchcraft. In particular, the portrait of the king depicted on the above-mentioned Volume XXII Issue VII Version I 46 ( ) Global Journal of Human Social Science - Year 2022 © 2022 Global Journals H Expression of Symbols Related to Idea of Fetishism in the Territory of Uzbekistan