Global Journal of Management and Business Research, A: Administration and Management, Volume 22 Issue 7

actions. The social actors create a social reality through actions, perceptions, language, and the consequence of their actions. This wise is followed by people who believe that there is no underlying reality of the social world past what social actors make (MacLeod, 2015). Each person has different perceptions regarding existence. As such, there are multiple realities instead of a single reality. b) Epistemological perspective Given that both objective and subjective ontology has been adopted, the researcher used the mixed method research paradigm, the assumptions made include knowing what makes up legitimate and acceptable know-how and how it is shared with others (Marshall & Rossman, 2014). This perspective takes into the shape of what constitutes knowledge through the use of ontology. The legitimate use of ontology epistemology is based on the different forms of experience, including fictional accounts, stories, and narratives, facts of interpretation, visual data, and text. Other social scientists adopt different epistemologies in their investigations (Hofmann, 2013). Positivism refers to the philosophical standpoint of natural science. It describes the working with an observable social reality to make new generalizations that are law-like. Positivism pushes for accurate and accurate know-how (Marshall & Rossman, 2014). The origin of interpretivism was from the researcher against the philosophy of positivism (Packard, 2017).As a critic of positivism, interpretivism spans the subjectivist assumptions. The philosophy asserts that humans are not like the physical phenomena due to their essential features of creating meanings. The philosophy of interpretivism claims that people cannot be studied with their social world the same way that scientists learn physical things in their environment. Therefore, the study of the social world needs a take a different perspective. The pragmatism philosophy postulates that concept should only be used where they support actions (James, 2017). Some people think pragmatism was developed by those who were busy or against using the different options of philosophy available. The origin of the philosophy is traced back to the early years of the US's twentieth century. It is evident (James, 2017) in various philosophers, including John Dewey, James William, and Charles Pierce. It nullifies the inclusion of research concepts, theories, hypotheses, and findings when they do not serve an abstract purpose. The paradigm emphasizes on the outcomes. The pragmatist study may vary in terms of objectivism and subjectivism (Nissen, 2015). The research approach to the topic or subject is generally characterized by doubts and the urgent sense that something is not going in the right way. It naturally recreates the same beliefs of distrust after the research problem has been determined and resolved. The most crucial part of pragmatist research is the research problem. The resultant research questions also adopt the pragmatic sense regarding the outcome (Sparkes, 2012; (Dewey, 2016). This study will use the pragmatic philosophy because it appreciates the different approaches and interpretations of the world. It also recognizes that no single point of view can give the entire picture of a subject. It does not entertain the idea that social reality can be explained in a singular tone as pragmatism studies uses mixed methods to study a problem. The chosen methods are only those that are well-founded, credible, reliable, and relevant in collecting data (James, 2017). c) Axiology perspective Axiology focuses on the part of values and ethics in a study process. The stance integrates how social scientists handle personal as well as participant’s costs. This stance claims human costs as the guiding reason for all human actions. Rescher (2013) argues that the researcher uses their values as the guiding mantra for all the research practices. A researcher also integrates axiology skills by making judgments regarding the type of research based on values. d) Research approach There are three basic approaches that a researcher can adopt for his research project. These are the abductive approach, deductive and the inductive style. The Abductive research style is focused on the explanation of puzzles and incomplete observations. The other alternative is the inductive approach, which uses research questions, aims, and study objectives without the inclusion of hypotheses (Imenda, 2014).The deductive approach evaluates the validity of the study hypothesis, theories, or assumptions at hand. It begins with puzzles that lead to research based on explanations (Repko & Szostak, 2020).The study will also take the mixed methods design in which quantitative and qualitative data will be utilized to explore the research question rigorously. IV. R esult D iscussion a) Initial Data Preparation Six hundred (600) questionnaires were administered to the Nigeria small and medium enterprises (SMEs); out of which four hundred and two (402) were filled and returned, representing a response rate of 67%. The responses were coded and entered into the SPSS software (version 23) where the data was sorted and cleaned. Outliers were identified by employing its command on SPSS software and outliers found were treated by deleting the corresponding responses. The responses were rated on a 5-points The Moderating Factor of Social Capital and Capability Development as Entrepreneurial Orientation Enablers for SMEs Business Performance in Nigeria 45 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue VII Version I Year 2022 ( ) A © 2022 Global Journals