Global Journal of Management and Business Research, A: Administration and Management, Volume 22 Issue 9

VI. C onclusion Emotivism states that moral judgments do not concern matters of facts, insofar as they do not describe or represent the world in any way, but are simply emotional responses to it, which is why defenders of emotivism usually claim that moral judgments cannot be true or false. Without prejudice to the exercise of human freewill, a quality that humans have as rational beings, the reduction of moral judgments simply to expressions of one's emotions, and feelings is a travesty of human freedom. 109 Hence, if feelings become the rule of morality, then the morality and ethicality of homosexuality become justified on very spurious, selfish and deflationary grounds. Following the hierarchy of human values, human moral consciousness and rationality, homosexuality is morally reprehensible, since it is evidently contrary to the natural order (against the natural law) apart from the fact that it substantially frustrates the procreative finality of the coital union between married couples. 110 B ibliography 1. Abizadeh, Arash (2019) “Subjectivism, Instrumentalism, and Prudentialism about Reasons: On the Normativity of Instrumental Transmission,” European Journal of Philosophy 27 (2):387-390. 2. Anderson, John J. (2013) “The Rhetoric of Homosexual Practice,” Journal of Religious Ethics 41 (4):601-602 3. Armour, Ellen T. (2010) “Blinding Me with (Queer) Science: Religion, Sexuality, and (Post?) Modernity [REVIEW]” International Journal for Philosophy of Religion 68 (1-3):107-109. 4. Ayer, Alfred Julius, “Critique of Ethics and Theology” in Ayer writings in Philosophy, Language, Truth and Logic , (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan) 5. Ayer, Alfred Julius, (1936) Language, Truth and Logic (London: Victor Gollanz) 6. Ayer, Alfred Julius (1952) "Critique of Ethics and Theology," Language, Truth and Logic (New York: Dover Publications) 7. Alexander Miller (1998) “Emotivism and the Verification Principle,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 98 (2):103–105. 8. Baber, Harriet E. (2004) “Is Homosexuality Sexuality?” Theology 107 (837):169-171. 9. Benoit, Michael (2005) “Conflict between Religious Commitment and Same-Sex Attraction: Possibilities for a Virtuous Response,” Ethics and Behavior 15 (4):309-311. 109 Lisa Warenski (2014) “Defending Moral Mind-Independence: The Expressivist’s Precarious Turn,” Philosophia 42 (3):861-863. 110 Ragnar Francén Olinder (2013) “Moral Relativism, Error Theory, and Ascriptions of Mistakes,” Journal of Philosophy 110 (10):564-566. 10. Bjömsson, Gunnar (2002) “How Emotivism Survives Immoralists, Irrationality, and Depression,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 40 (3):327-329. 11. Bjömsson, Gunnar (2001) “Why Emotivists Love Inconsistency,” Philosophical Studies 104 (1):81 - 83. 12. Björnsson, Gunnar &McPherson, Tristram (2014) “Moral Attitudes for Non-Cognitivists: Solving the Specification Problem,” Mind 123 (489): 22-25. 13. Bryd, Dean Cox, Shirley E., RobinsonJeffery W., “The Innate-Immutable Argument Finds No Basis in Science,” In Their own Words: Gay Activists Speak about Science, Morality, and Philosophy. Available at: http://www.narth.com/docs/innate.html , 30 September 2002. Accessed on October 7, 2022. 14. Burton, Richard (2006) Causes of Homoxesuality: What Science Tells Us (Cambridge: Jubilee Centre) 15. Cadden, Joan (2013) Nothing Natural Is Shameful: Sodomy and Science in Late Medieval Europe (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press) 16. Carlton, Cole (2004) “Sexual Reorientation Therapy: An Orthodox Perspective,” Christian Bioethics 10 (2- 3):137-140. 17. Chellas, Brian F. (1971) “The Language of Morals,” Journal of Symbolic Logic 36 (1):180-181. 18. Chiang, Howard H. (2010) “Liberating Sex, Knowing Desire: Scientia Sexualis and Epistemic Turning Points in the History of Sexuality,” History of the Human Sciences 23 (5):42-44. 19. Cornel, Tabea (2020) “An Even-Handed Debate? The Sexed/Gendered Controversy over Laterality Genes in British Psychology, 1970s–1990s,” History of the Human Sciences 33 (5):138-140. 20. Copeland, Peter and Hamer, Dean The Science of Desire , (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1996) Cornell, Drucilla (2007) “The Shadow of Heterosexuality,” Hypatia 22 (1): 229-231. 21. Cotter, Jim (1991) “Same-Sex Relationships,” Studies in Christian Ethics 4 (2): 29-31. 22. Cuomo, Chris (2007) “Dignity and the Right to Be Lesbian or Gay,” Philosophical Studies 132 (1): 75- 77. 23. Daly, Anthony (1992) “Aquinas on Disordered Pleasures and Conditions,” The Thomist 56: 583- 584. 24. DeCecco, John (1985) “Origins of Sexuality and Homosexuality,” Journal of Homosexuality , Volume 50. No. 1: 56-57 25. DeCew, Judith Wagner (1990) “Moral Conflicts and Ethical Relativism,” Ethics 101 (1): 27-29. 26. Demand, Nancy & Dover, Kenneth James (1980) “Greek Homosexuality,” American Journal of Philology 101 (1): 121-23. 27. Denis, Lara (1999) “Kant on the Wrongness of 'Unnatural' Sex,” History of Philosophy Quarterly 16 (2): 225-227. 80 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXII Issue IX Version I Year 2022 ( ) A © 2022 Global Journals The Ethical Emotivism of A. J. Ayer and C. L. Stevenson: A Tendentious Explanatory Matrix for Human Homosexual Behaviour