Global Journal of Management and Business Research, A: Administration and Management, Volume 23 Issue 9

10 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXIII Issue IX Version I Year 2023 ( ) A © 2023 Global Journals that enable each person to maintain their equilibrium and good health, in most cases entirely on an involuntary basis – functioning with a complexity far beyond that of the most advanced computer. PQ is enhanced by self-discipline, self-control, and extensive effort in the pursuit of personal self-mastery (Dhiman & Dhiman, 2017) and the commitment to excellence can lead the persevering person to the achievement of results that can far exceed one’s expectations (Duckworth, 2018). b) Mental Intelligence Mental Intelligence (IQ) includes the broad range of capabilities of the mind that enable individuals to acquire knowledge, categorize information, draw inferences, solve problems, and create new opportunities (Sternberg, 2018). As a cognitive process, IQ is typically measured by the administration of standardized tests. IQ is a score obtained by dividing a person's mental age score derived from an intelligence test that measures knowledge and problem-solving by the person's chronological age (Van der Maas, Kaan & Borsboom, 2014). When people think of cognitive intelligence. They frequently consider it to be the ability to analyze, to reason, to think both concretely and abstractly, to use language effectively in communicating with others, to be able to plan and visualize possibilities, and the capacity to comprehend complex concepts (Covey, 2013). Although there is general consensus about the nature of intelligence, Linda Gottfredson (1998, p. 24) has nonetheless unequivocally declared, ”No subject in psychology has provoked more intense public controversy than the study of human intelligence.” With the explosion of interest in Artificial Intelligence and its ability to access an extensive database of information and link related ideas, IQ has been redefined to mean much more than the ability to summarize facts and information (Moldenhauer & Londt, 2018). Implicit in this evolving definition of IQ is the capacity to examine the ethical implications of decision- making and the values that are linked with alternative choices (Tanner & Christen, 2013). Stephen R. Covey emphasized that Mental Intelligence is incorporated in each of the “Seven Habits of Highly Effective People.” Table 1, provided here, lists each of those habits and explains the role that IQ plays in the decision-making process. Table 1: Intelligence and Covey’s Seven Habits The Habit Its Meaning Application to IQ Comment Be Proactive. Take the initiative in your life. Don’t let external things control you. Thoughtfully assess the external factors that impact life and your ability to act. There is a space between stimulus and response that requires careful thought. Begin with the End in Mind. Identify your goals and what you want to achieve with your life. Think seriously about your true identity and what you want your life to mean. Identify the steps required to get to where you seek to ultimately be. Put First Things First. Determine your priorities and act on what is most important. Distinguish between the “urgent” and the truly “important.” Accept accountability for your choices and learn to control your life. Think Win/Win. Recognize that relationships work best when all parties benefit. Learn to explore possibilities that serve others’ needs as well as your own. Long-term relationships require building trust and demand integrity. Seek First to Understand, then to be Understood. Acknowledge the reality that communicating with other people requires listening and truly understanding them. Until we first understand what others want to accomplish, we cannot partner effectively. Relationships that last demand the willingness to learn what others consider to be important. Learn to Synergize. Synergy seeks solutions where the whole is more than the sum of the parts. Creative solutions demand openness, honesty, and mutual commitment. Knowing the other party’s goals necessitates a thorough learning process. Sharpen the Saw. Constantly seek to improve and to learn. Applying knowledge creates true wisdom. Investing in learning pays great dividends. As a means for achieving constant personal growth, IQ is the integration of perception, learning, memory, reasoning, and problem-solving (Sternberg, 2022). IQ has historically been considered a critical “flair factor” for success in many jobs and is a differentiating quality that is widely believed to be essential for success in positions demanding mental acuity (Caldwell, Beverage & Converse, 2018). In his extensive research about successful organizations, Jim Collins (2001, Chapter 1) found that “getting the right persons on the bus” was essential to achieving a great organization and often meant identifying people with the intelligence to be able to see and understand what others did not see. Spiritual Intelligence and its Practical Importance – Insights from Oman