Global Journal of Management and Business Research, A: Administration and Management, Volume 23 Issue 9

12 Global Journal of Management and Business Research Volume XXIII Issue IX Version I Year 2023 ( ) A © 2023 Global Journals Perseverance – Growing from setbacks and learning from them. Purpose – Honoring one’s personal calling and mission in life Incorporating these twelve principles, SQ becomes the central focus of all the intelligences and represents the pursuit of meaning and connection in life. Defining self-transcendence as the essence of self- fulfillment, Abraham Maslow (1994) equated the achievement of the ultimate experiences in life to achieving harmony in life and alignment with the divine in achieving what is the essence of SQ. In providing a visual portrayal of the relationship between SQ and the other three intelligences, Covey suggested that Diagram 1 (bellow) accurately reflected this relationship. Diagram 1 Spiritual Intelligence provides guidance by understanding the importance of the purposes of creating relationships that enrich the lives of others, enabling others to grow and flourish, and empowering individuals to magnify their highest potential (Covey, 2005) III. T he M uslim P erspective Muslim scholars have offered powerful insights about each of the four intelligences, with Islamic doctrine reflecting the greatest emphasis on the spiritual, emotional, and mental intelligences that impact daily life. In this section, we incorporate insights from Muslim scholars, religious leaders, and philosophers to clarify how the intelligences dominate Islamic thought and daily living. In summarizing the Muslim perceptions of these four intelligences, we also present eight propositions related to these intelligences. Muslims and PQ Islam sees men and women as both physical and spiritual beings created by Allah to live a life connected to divine principles (Sayilgan, 2021). Virtuousness and chaste conduct are fundamental elements of Islam and limit social and romantic relationships among highly devout Muslim young men and women (Masgood & Masgood, 1995). Muslims believe that to achieve exalted status in their faith, the physical and the metaphysical, or that which is the “true reality,” must align (Dogan, 2014). Traditional Muslim women cover themselves modestly from head to toe and the Muslim woman is known for her modest dress and demeanor. (Bucar, 2017). This linking of the spiritual and the physical in the Muslim faith is readily apparent in the dress and conduct of Muslim women (Gray, 2019). Islam views the physical aspects of human life to be as important as the spiritual and prescribes laws of health, dietary restrictions, proper hygiene, and moderation in all aspects of life in the quest to maintain good health (Shaikh & Shaikh, 2021). Muslims view the body as a gift from Allah that should be taken care of, maintained in proper health, and used for righteous purposes (Mahdi, Rahman & Schimmel, 2023). Muslims seek to maintain good hygiene, obtain proper nutrition, balance both physical and spiritual needs, and pursue harmony and moderation in all aspects of life (Koenig & Al Shohaib, 2014). Spiritual Intelligence and its Practical Importance – Insights from Oman a)