Global Journal of Management and Business Research, A: Administration and Management, Volume 23 Issue 9

The fact remains that, contrary to our assumptions, the weight of religion remains very limited. Religion does not seem to be a constraint on the management of their business. In the majority of cases, it is mentioned only as a "work ethic". In any case, they clearly distinguish themselves from religion. The table 2 shows the specific features of each profile, taking into account individual factors and key elements of the family, professional, institutional and socio-cultural contexts. Table 2: Summary of the Specific Features of each Profile Company Manager Liberal Profession Co-Operator Individual Factors Dissatisfaction as salaried, independent Enhancing the value of obtained Older, entrepreneurship of survival Family Background Parental help, financialresources sufficient Strong support from husband (finance), aid External Lack of resources/support, role of the girl Contexts Professionals Networks, style of directive management, gender-related difficulties Associations professional, easier management, business legitimacy Family and cooperative, brakes related to their gender and education Contexts Institutional Dissatisfied with administrative services Dissatisfied with Dissatis fied with administrative services More complex relationships with administration Contexts Socio-Cultural Valuation linked to revenues Valuation Linked to Prestige Valuation linked to social status Finally, it should be noted that through this approach, we sought to study the situation of women entrepreneurs in Tunisia, which has undergone various transformations. We set ourselves the objective of understanding the interaction of individual, family, professional, institutional and socio-cultural factors with their business processes for the three groups we targeted. Through this approach, we considered entrepreneurship as a multiple and heterogeneous group, contrary to other research for which it is a homogeneous group. The three profiles of women entrepreneurs we have targeted combine individual, family, professional, institutional and socio-cultural factors. These factors take different forms and can be more or less favourable depending on the situation. In Tunisia, the entrepreneurial experience remains unique and specific. All the groups we have targeted have mobilised their family and social networks in different ways. Women continue to have family responsibilities (Benradi, 2006; Bourqia, 2010; Boussetta, 2011; Zirari, 2006; Avnimelech, 2023; Félix and Zammar, 2021; Oukaci et al., 2019). At administrative level, our interviewees reported a dissuasive and uncooperative environment, even though the public authorities regularly announce their desire to support women's entrepreneurship (Jodyanne, 2009; Singh and Belwal, 2008; Yalcin and Kapu, 2008; Glidja, 2019; Zogning, 2021). The slowness of administrative formalities affects both men and women, and is an obstacle for Tunisian women entrepreneurs (Sedjari, 2009; Zeidan and Bahrami, 2012; Berabez and Beztout, 2022). Corruption also penalises women entrepreneurs. The socio-cultural environment also acts as a brake on women's entrepreneurship (Boussetta, 2011; Cullen, 2023; Figueiredo et al., 2023). Tunisia remains strongly attached to a patriarchal culture, where the role expected of women is that of mother and wife (Arasti, 2008; Diakité, 2004; Gergess, 2021; Ndione and Ousseynou, 2020). Religion does not seem to influence women's entrepreneurial activity, contrary to our presuppositions (Allali, 2008; Balambo, 2013; Bourqia, 2010; McIntosh and Islam, 2010; Félix and Zammar, 2021), apart from the limits placed on mobility and meeting customers in public spaces. With regard to cultural restrictions on geographical mobility, Holmen, Min and Saarelainen (2011) and Ben Makhlouf (2019), consider that they constitute an obstacle to relations with clients, perhaps for women in the professions. In connection with administrative constraints and corruption, women entrepreneurs use male intermediaries to handle public negotiations. We have thus confirmed our first hypothesis by showing that women in the self-employed professions are those who benefit most from the advantage of their qualifications (Chelly, 2007; Havet, 2015; Dagot, 2019; Challenges and Prospects for Women Entrepreneurs in Tunisia Global Journal of Management and Business Research ( A ) XXIII Issue IX Version I Year 2023 47 © 2023 Global Journals diploma